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REFERENCE TABLES
Normal Boiling Points [K] of Cryogenic Fluids |
Melting Points [K] of Soft Metals |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helium-3 | 3.19 | Indium | 430 | |
| Helium-4 | 4.21 |
Cadmium * |
594 | |
| Hydrogen | 20.27 | Lead | 601 | |
| Neon | 27.09 | Aluminum | 933 | |
| Nitrogen | 77.36 | Copper | 1357 | |
|
* Note: cadmium vapor pressure becomes unacceptably high above 420 K |
||||
| Physical properties of selected metals at 295K |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metal | atomic weight | density (g/ml) | Debye temperature [K] |
linear thermal expansion coeff. (10-6/K) |
thermal conductivity [Wm-1K-1] |
| Aluminum | 26.97 | 2.70 | 380 | 22.91 | 235 |
| Cadmium | 112.4 | 8.65 | 175 | 31 | 97 |
| Copper | 63.54 | 8.96 | 310 | 16.66 | 400 |
| Gold | 197 | 19.3 | 185 | 14.2 | 317 |
| Indium | 114.76 | 7.31 | 110 | 32.1 | 87 |
| Lead | 207.21 | 11.31 | 88 | 28.8 | 35 |
| Stainless Steel 304 | --- | 8 | --- | 15 | 15 |
| Brass (70 Cu 30 Zn) | --- | 8.5 | --- | 18 | 120 |
Vapor Pressures and Equivalent Monolayer Deposition Rates (assuming unity sticking coefficient) versus Temperature [K] |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Element | Melt Point | 10-5 Torr | 10-4 Torr | 10-3 Torr | 10-2 Torr | 10-1 Torr |
| 10 layer/s | 102 layer/s | 103 layer/s | 104 layer/s | 105 layer/s | ||
| Cd | 594 | 421 | 453 | 493 | 537 | 594 |
| Zn | 692 | 484 | 521 | 565 | 616 | 678 |
| Mg | 924 | 560 | 604 | 656 | 716 | --- |
| Pb | 601 | 765 | 821 | --- | --- | --- |
| In | 430 | 940 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Unit Conversions |
|---|
| 1 atmosphere = 1.01 Bar = 101 KPa = 760 Torr (or mm Hg) = 14.7 psi |
| T [Celsius] = T [K] - 273.15 = (5/9)( T[F] - 32 ) |
| 1 meter = 39.37 inches |
| 1 joule=0.239 calories |
Sources:
(1) Experimental Techniques in Low-Temperature Physics, 3rd Edition, Guy K. White, Oxford University Press (1979)
(2) Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 56th Edition, Robert C. Weast (Ed.), CRC Press (1975)
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