The kilogram, originally defined as the mass of one cubic decimeter of water at the temperature of maximum density, was known as the Kilogram of the Archives. It was replaced after the International Metric Convention in 1875 by the International Prototype Kilogram which became the unit of mass without reference to the mass of a cubic decimeter of water or to the Kilogram of the Archives. Each country that subscribed to the International Metric Convention was assigned one or more copies of the international standards; these are known as National Prototype Meters and Kilograms. Learn more about the history and current definition of the kilogram.
Among the SI base units, the kilogram (kg) is the only one whose name and symbol, for historical reasons, include a prefix. "Kilo" the SI prefix for 1000 or 103. Names and symbols for decimal multiples and submultiples of the unit of mass are formed by attaching prefix names to the unit name "gram," and prefix symbols to the unit symbol "g." Learn more about this historical quirk.
| Units of Mass | ||
|---|---|---|
| 10 milligrams (mg) | = | 1 centigrams (cg) |
| 10 centigrams | = | 1 decigrams (dg) = 100 milligrams |
| 10 decigrams | = | 1 gram (g) |
| 10 decigrams | = | 1000 milligrams |
| 10 grams | = | 1 dekagrams (dag) |
| 10 dekagrams | = | 1 hectogram (hg) |
| 10 dekagrams | = | 100 grams |
| 10 hectograms | = | 1 kilogram (kg) |
| 10 hectograms | = | 1000 grams |
| 1000 kilograms | = | 1 megagram (Mg) or 1 metric ton (t) |
Physicist Richard Steiner adjusts the electronic kilogram, an experimental apparatus for defining mass in terms of the basic properties of nature.
The SI base unit of mass, the kilogram, is the last remaining physical artifact. All other base units have been defined in terms of fundamental constants. In 1999, the 21st CGPM recommended that national measurement institutes (NMI) continue their efforts to refine experiments that link the unit of mass to fundamental or atomic constants with a view to a future redefinition of the kilogram. Learn more about NIST research to redefine the kilogram and the electronic kilogram.
For Students and Teachers
- The Name "Kilogram": a Historical Quirk (BIPM)
- International Prototype Kilogram (BIPM)
- NIST Kibble Balance - YouTube Video
- The NIST Do-It-Yourself Kibble Balance (Made with LEGO® Bricks)
- U.S. Mint Coin Specifications
League of SI Superheroes - Monsieur Kilogram
This comic book-style video animation series has been developed to help middle school students learn about the 7 SI base measurement units. With his immensely strong arms, Monsieur Kilogram is the master of mass. The kilogram is a cylinder of special metal about 39 millimeters wide by 39 millimeters tall that serves as the world's mass standard.
The mass of a body is a measure of its inertial property or how much matter it contains. The weight of a body is a measure of the force exerted on it by gravity or the force needed to support it. Gravity on earth gives a body a downward acceleration of about 9.8 m/s2. In common parlance, weight is often used as a synonym for mass in weights and measures. For instance, the verb “to weigh” means “to determine the mass of” or “to have a mass of.” The incorrect use of weight in place of mass should be phased out, and the term mass used when mass is meant. The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg). In science and technology, the weight of a body in a particular reference frame is defined as the force that gives the body an acceleration equal to the local acceleration of free fall in that reference frame. Thus, the SI unit of the quantity weight defined in this way (force) is the newton (N).