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Experiences of catastrophic earthquakes such as San Francisco 1906, Kanto 1923, Northridge 1994, and Kobe 1995 show that great human and economic losses arise
Methods have been developed for predicting the overall diffusion coefficient of ions in concrete using a multi-scale interactive analysis, ignoring any chloride
David A. Wollman, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, L L. Dulcie, Norman F. Bergren, Dale Newbury, K. S. Woo, B. H. Liu, Alain C. Diebold, John M. Martinis
Egon Marx, I J. Malik, Y Strausser, T Bristow, N Poduje, J C. Stover
Power spectral densities (PSDs) were used to characterize a set of surfaces over a wide range of lateral as well as perpendicular dimensions. Twelve 200-mm
A wide variety of commercial ellipsometers are available in the market today. They all measure the change in the state of polarization of light on reflection
Richard A. Allen, O. Oyebanjo, Michael W. Cresswell, Loren W. Linholm
Single-crystal critical dimension (CD) test structures for reference material applications, with features defined using lattice-plane selective etching, are
Deane Chandler-Horowitz, Paul M. Amirtharaj, John R. Stoup
The real and imaginary part of the refractive index of silicon, n(ω) and k(ω), have been measured by using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) transmission
Optical code division multiple access (CDMA) [1] can realize 1:1 or 1:N access and routing operations without optical switches in optical network systems. In
Walter W. Jones, Richard D. Peacock, Glenn P. Forney, Paul A. Reneke
As transducers become more commonplace in the built environment, it is desirable to utilize this information in a more complete way to assure safety. There are
Kevin B. McGrattan, Anthony P. Hamins, D. D. Evans
The second and most recent application of the NIST Industrial Fire Simulation (IFS) System is to predict the performance of sprinklers, draft curtains and roof
Joseph M. Antonucci, Walter G. McDonough, Joy P. Dunkers
The phenomenon of interfacial of interphase adhesion is a critical factor in determining the strength and durability of multiphase dental materials. For example
Gale A. Holmes, R C. Peterson, Donald L. Hunston, Walter G. McDonough
In composite structures, adhesion at the fiber-matrix interface is typically determined indirectly from experimental data and theoretical models. These models
The U.S. General Services Administration has sponsored the Building and Fire Research Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to
The use of the atomic force microscope (AFM) to characterize surface structures for industrial applications is rapidly increasing. To compare the results