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Search Publications by: Christopher Soles (Fed)

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Displaying 101 - 125 of 174

X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Probe Surface Composition and Surface Deprotection in Photoresist Films

March 1, 2005
Author(s)
Joseph~undefined~undefined~undefined~undefined~undefined Lenhart, Daniel A. Fischer, S Sambasivan, Eric K. Lin, Ronald L. Jones, Christopher Soles, Wen-Li Wu, D M. Goldfarb, M Angelopoulos
We utilize near edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) to provide chemical insight into surface chemical effects in model photo-resist films. First, NEXAFS was used to examine the resist/air interface including surface segregration of a

Characterization of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Films Using Small Angle Neutron Scattering and X-Ray Porosimetry

February 23, 2005
Author(s)
B D. Vogt, R A. Pai, Hae-Jeong Lee, R C. Hedden, Christopher L. Soles, Wen-Li Wu, Eric K. Lin, Barry J. Bauer, J J. Watkins
Ordered mesoporous silica films were synthesized using pre-organized block copolymer templates in supercritical carbon dioxide. Poly(ethylene oxide-block-propylene oxide-block-ethylene oxide), PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO, films doped with p-toluenesulfonic acid (p TSA

Water Distribution Within Immersed Polymer Films

February 1, 2005
Author(s)
B D. Vogt, Christopher Soles, Vivek Prabhu, Sushil K. Satija, Eric K. Lin, Wen-Li Wu
The emergence of immersion lithography as a potential alternative for the extension of current lithography tools will require a fundamental understanding of the interactions between the photoresist and the immersion liquid such as water. The water

Water Immersion of Model Photoresists: Interfacial Influences on Water Concentration and Surface Morphology

February 1, 2005
Author(s)
B D. Vogt, D L. Goldfarb, M Angelopoulos, Christopher Soles, C M. Wang, Vivek Prabhu, P M. McGuiggan, Jack F. Douglas, Eric K. Lin, Wen-Li Wu, Sushil K. Satija
Immersion lithography has emerged as an alternative to the 157 nm node and as such understanding of the interactions between the photoresist and immersion fluid (water) has become a pressing issue. The water concentration within the model photoresist films

Substrate Influence on Moisture Absorption Into Thin Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) Films

January 1, 2005
Author(s)
B D. Vogt, Christopher L. Soles, Hae-Jeong Lee, Eric K. Lin, Wen-Li Wu
The influence of substrate surface energy on the swelling of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) films was examined using x-ray reflectivity (XR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. Two different silicon surface treatments were used for the PVP

Correlation of the Reaction Front With Roughness in Chemically Amplified Photoresists

July 1, 2004
Author(s)
Ronald L. Jones, Vivek M. Prabhu, D M. Goldfarb, Eric K. Lin, Christopher L. Soles, Joseph~undefined~undefined~undefined~undefined~undefined Lenhart, Wen-Li Wu, M Angelopoulos
A model bilayer geometry is used to examine fundamental contributions of in-situ reaction front profile width on resulting line edge roughness after development in standard 0.26 N tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide aqueous base developer. The bilayer geometry

Structure Characterization of Porous Interlevel Dielectric Films

June 21, 2004
Author(s)
Wen-Li Wu, Eric K. Lin, Christopher L. Soles
To extend the dielectric constant of interlevel dielectrics below a value of ~2.6 seen in today s IC chips, porous low-k material has been evaluated as a viable candidate by industries. In this paper, the current status and the future need in metrologies

Interfacial Effects on Moisture Absorption in Thin Polymer Films

June 1, 2004
Author(s)
B D. Vogt, Christopher L. Soles, Ronald L. Jones, C M. Wang, Eric K. Lin, Wen-Li Wu, Sushil K. Satija, D L. Goldfarb, M Angelopoulos
Moisture absorption in model photoresist films of poly(4-hydroxystryene) (PHOSt) and poly(tert-butoxycarboxystyrene) (PBOCSt) was measured by x-ray and neutron reflectivity. The degree of swelling in the films upon moisture exposure was found to be

X-Ray and Neutron Porosimetry as Powerful Methodologies for Determining Structural Characteristics of Porous Low-k Thin Films

June 1, 2004
Author(s)
Hae-Jeong Lee, B D. Vogt, Christopher L. Soles, Da-Wei Liu, Barry J. Bauer, Wen-Li Wu, Eric K. Lin, Gwi-Gwon Kang, Min-Jin Ko
Methylsilsesquioxane based porous low-k dielectric films with varying porogen loading have been characterized using X-ray and neutron porosimetry to determine their pore size distribution, average density, wall density, porosity, density profiles, and

Comparative Specular X-Ray Reflectivity, Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy, and Incoherent Neutron Scattering Measurements of the Dynamics in Thin Polycarbonate Films

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Christopher L. Soles, Jack F. Douglas, Wen-Li Wu, H G. Peng, D W. Gidley
The manner in which the dynamics of a polymer are affected by thin film confinement is one of technological significance, impacting thin film applications such as lubricants, adhesives, and chemically amplified photoresists. In this manuscript we use

Unusual Expansion and Contraction in Ultrathin Glassy Polycarbonate Films

April 1, 2004
Author(s)
Christopher L. Soles, Jack F. Douglas, Ronald L. Jones, Wen-Li Wu
The thermal expansion behavior and glass transitions of poly(styrene) (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are extensively studied in the thin film geometry. Both PS and PMMA are similar in that they possess very low entanglement densities. In this

Brillouin Scattering Studies of Polymeric Nanostructures

March 1, 2004
Author(s)
R Hartschuh, A Mahorowala, Y Ding, J H. Roh, A Kisliuk, Alexei Sokolov, Christopher Soles, Ronald L. Jones, T J. Hu, Wen-Li Wu
Polymers are now being patterned into nanometer-sized features via optical and/or imprint lithography for a range of applications, including semiconductors, Micro-Electro- Mechanical systems (MEMS), and Nano-Electro-Mechanical systems (NEMS). In these

Pore Size Distributions in Low-k Dielectric Thin Films From SANS Porosimetry

March 1, 2004
Author(s)
R C. Hedden, V. J. Lee, Christopher L. Soles, Barry J. Bauer
A small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) porosimetry technique is presented for characterization of pore structure in nanoporous thin films. Porosimetry experiments are conducted using a contrast match solvent (a mixture of toluene-d8 and toluene-h8) having

Water Absorption in Thin Photoresist Films

February 1, 2004
Author(s)
B D. Vogt, Christopher L. Soles, Ronald L. Jones, Vivek M. Prabhu, Wen-Li Wu, Eric K. Lin
In this work, we quantify deviations in the moisture absorption into model photoresist films upon changing thickness. Both the thermodynamics and kinetics of the absorption process are examined. Water in the resist films has been shown to have a
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