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Projects/Programs

Topic Area
Displaying 326 - 350 of 488

Neuromorphic Device Measurements

Ongoing
One type of device that is emerging as an attractive artificial synapse is the resistive switch, or memristor. These devices, which usually consist of a thin layer of oxide between two electrodes, have conductivity that depends on their history of applied voltage, and thus have highly nonlinear...

New Reference Standards for Digital Mammography

Ongoing
These beams will provide FDA inspectors, ionization chamber manufacturers, and calibration facilities with the spectra that best represent what is used in clinics. These new reference radiation techniques will be available for calibrations and the FDA-MQSA proficiency tests. The beam parameters are...

Newtonian constant of gravitation international consortium

Ongoing
The disagreement calls into question our ability to measure small forces on a laboratory scale. It also raises the question of whether the Newtonian force law is a complete description of gravity at these distances. An international consortium is being formed to address this problem. The...

Night Vision Goggle Gain Calibration

Ongoing
NIST cooperates with the three services (Air Force, Navy, and Army) to realize a uniform night vision goggle (NVG) calibration system with low measurement uncertainty. These efforts include transferring the NIST detector-based radiance and luminance responsivity scales to the primary standards...

NIST Automated Vehicles Program

Ongoing
Measurement science and standards are needed to support the safe and predictable operation of future automated vehicles (AVs), which have great potential to significantly impact our daily lives and improve the competitiveness of our economy. A FY22 NIST Strategic and Emerging Research Initiatives...

NIST and Autonomous Vehicles

Ongoing
Why Autonomous Vehicles? Autonomous vehicles are projected to influence key aspects of everyday life including transportation, goods delivery, manufacturing, public safety, and security. In addition, the autonomous vehicle sector is a vastly inter-disciplinary field with subject areas including...

NIST Ballistics Toolmark Database

Ongoing
The database contains traditional reflectance microscopy images and three-dimensional surface topography data acquired by NIST or submitted by database users. The goal is a collection of data sets that: 1) represents the large variety of ballistic toolmarks encountered by forensic examiners, and 2)...

The NIST Mise en Pratique since the Redefinition of the Kilogram

Ongoing
Realization Since the redefinition of the kilogram, the NIST Mass and Force Group has been closely involved with the NIST-4 Kibble balance project and its realization of the electronic kilogram via the Kibble Principle. Traceability post-realization is maintained through what is referred to as the...

NIST OWM – NCWM: An Enduring Partnership

Ongoing
The National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM) was first held as the “First Annual Meeting of Sealers of Weights and Measures of the United States” in 1905 and as part of the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), which was the predecessor non-regulatory agency to the National Institute of...

NIST Stars

Ongoing
Several current astrophysical research programs require SI traceable flux measurements (also called spectral irradiance) at accuracies higher than currently available. For example, exoplanet research requires improved host star absolute brightness knowledge to better determine habitability...

Nonlinear nanophotonic control of light

Ongoing
Light-matter interactions with nonlinear materials provide a powerful tool for converting optical fields from one state to another. For example, nonlinear wavelength conversion leverages efficient scattering of photons of a single frequency to another, enabling generation of coherent sources across...

Novel Sources for Focused-ion Beams

Completed
Commercial focused ion beams (FIBs) are used in a wide variety of applications. For example, they serve as diagnostic tools, slicing through a nanodevice to expose its internal structure. They can also shape nanoscale materials either by adding atoms to a structure or by shaving them off. And they...

Ocean Color

Ongoing
The primary reference instrument for the United States and most international ocean-color sensors is the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY), an automated radiometric system operated by NOAA and deployed about 20 km offshore from Lanai, Hawaii, where the atmospheric and water conditions support utilizing...

Operando Measurements of Electrochemical (Charge-transfer) Processes

Completed
There are two ways to study a very fast process such as charge transfer. One can use very high-speed measurement that can follow the effect of the process, or one use a method that is sensitive only to the process itself. Either way has its weakness. Many fast measurements can follow the process...

Optical Clock Atomic Structure and Theory

Ongoing
An atomic clock aims to realize the intrinsic ticking rate of an atom. This ticking rate (i.e., frequency) is associated with a transition between two quantum levels of the atom, where each level corresponds to a different configuration of the electrons around the nucleus. Atomic clocks derive their...

Optical grating scatterometry

Ongoing
In the past few years, scatterometry has emerged as a method for performing linewidth and line profile metrology, especially by the semiconductor industry. The method uses a periodic target containing repetitive lines whose profile, i.e., its width, height, and shape, is to be determined. The...

Yb Optical Lattice Clock

Ongoing
In recent years, optical clocks have achieved performance that is orders of magnitude beyond more traditional atomic clocks utilizing a microwave timebase. A particularly promising type of advanced optical clock is the optical lattice clock. At their heart, these systems use an ensemble of ultracold...

Optical medical imaging

Ongoing
Optical medical imaging technologies proliferate in academic research and yet very few translate into the clinic. Optical techniques have high spatial and spectral resolution, lends itself to portability, and inexpensive relative to conventional imaging modalities such as MRI (Magnetic Resonance...

Optical Methods for 3-D Nanostructure Metrology (Archived)

Completed
This project develops new approaches to optical microscopy based on a high magnification optical platform that samples the full 3-D scattered field. Both the semiconductor industry and the evolving nanomanufacturing sector are facing enormous challenges measuring nanometer scale features over large...

Optical and Microwave Spectroscopy of Microelectronic Systems

Ongoing
Collaborations with industry leaders have led to new understanding of magnetic damping in advanced materials and replication of our magnetic metrology tools. We investigate fundamental aspects of spin transfer in materials and structures that offer improved performance in future devices such as...

Optical and Microwave Waveform Synthesis

Ongoing
A typical optical frequency comb consists of thousands to millions of phase coherent modes (the "teeth" of the comb) that can all be used to synthesize precisely controlled electromagnetic waveforms. Our main research thrust in this area has been focused on the generation of microwave and millimeter...

Optical and Optoelectronic Materials Characterization

Ongoing
Today's electronics have reached a point where sheer computation power has combined form and function as the key driver of large consumer markets. The demand for portable and pervasive electronics with greater functionality promises significant changes over the next decades in how society interacts...

Optical Polarization Metrology

Ongoing
Electromagnetic waves are transverse. That is, besides propagating energy, they also have polarization represented by the direction of the electric field, which is constrained to lie in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Light rays can be characterized by a four-element Stokes...

Optical Probes of 2D Magnetic Phenomena

Ongoing
The unique measurement capabilities developed in this Project enable diffraction-limited, optical spectra (both Raman and photoluminescence) to be collected and analyzed as a function of laser energy, polarization, temperature, magnetic field, and device parameters such as current load and back...
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