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Search Publications by: Cedric J Powell (Assoc)

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Displaying 26 - 50 of 194

Use of the Bethe Equation for Inner-Shell Ionization by Electron Impact

May 13, 2016
Author(s)
Cedric J. Powell, Xavier Llovet, Francesc Salvat
We analyzed calculated cross sections for K-, L-, and M-shell ionization by electron impact to determine the energy ranges over which these cross sections are consistent with the Bethe equation for inner-shell ionization. Our analysis was performed with K

Recommended Auger Parameters for 42 Elemental Solids

December 4, 2011
Author(s)
Cedric J. Powell
Values of the Auger parameter are presented for 42 elemental solids. These values were determined from evaluated Auger-electron kinetic energies and photoelectron binding energies (BEs). Small adjustments were made to earlier values of photoelectron BEs to

Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: XXIX. ISO 20903: 2006 - Surface Chemical Analysis - Auger Electron Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy - Methods Used to Determine Peak Intensities and Information Required When Reporting Results

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Cedric J. Powell
This article is a brief summary of ISO Standard 20903. This standard provides information on methods for the measurement of peak intensities in Auger electron and X-ray photoelectron spectra and on uncertainties of derived peak area. It also specifies the

Modified Predictive Formula for the Electron Stopping Power

March 19, 2008
Author(s)
Aleksander Jablonski, S Tanuma, Cedric J. Powell
We report an improved predictive formula for the electron stopping power (SP) based on an analysis and fit of SPs and electron inelastic mean free paths (IMFPs) calculated from optical data for 37 elemental solids and energies between 200 eV and 30 keV

Preoxidation as a general approach to suppressing orange-peel coupling in magnetic tunnel junctions

October 1, 2006
Author(s)
William F. Egelhoff Jr., Robert McMichael, Cindi L. Dennis, Mark D. Stiles, Alexander J. Shapiro, Brian B. Maranville, Cedric J. Powell
We have found that preoxidation of the bottom electrode prior to deposition of Al 2O 3 or MgO is very effective as a general approach to suppressing orange-peel coupling in magnetic tunnel junctions. When orange-peel coupling is suppressed, the hard-axis

Soft magnetic layers for low-field-detection magnetic sensors

May 18, 2006
Author(s)
William F. Egelhoff Jr., Robert McMichael, Cindi L. Dennis, Mark D. Stiles, Freemon Johnson, Alexander J. Shapiro, Brian B. Maranville, Cedric J. Powell
We have investigated a wide variety of soft magnetic layers as sense layers for magnetic-field sensors. We find that in thin-film form, some of these soft materials can have susceptibilities (?) approaching those of the corresponding bulk material. In

Suppression of Orange-Peel Coupling in Magnetic Tunnel Junctions by Preoxidation

April 17, 2006
Author(s)
William F. Egelhoff Jr., Robert McMichael, Cindi L. Dennis, Mark D. Stiles, Alexander J. Shapiro, Brian B. Maranville, Cedric J. Powell
We have found that preoxidation of the bottom Co electrode in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) very effectively suppresses orange-peel coupling. The result is a free layer that is much softer. Work by others has demonstrated that preoxidation is compatible

Summary of the Panel Discussion on Opportunities and Needs

November 1, 2005
Author(s)
Cedric J. Powell
At the NIST Workshop on Modeling Electron Transport for Applications in Electron and X-ray Analysis and Metrology, there was a final panel discussion on opportunities and needs in this area. A summary is given of points made by some of the contributors in