U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 11176 - 11200 of 13225

Effects of Password Permutation on Subjective Usability Across Platforms

August 4, 2015
Author(s)
Kristen Greene
… that adhere to the stricter password requirements found in higher-security enterprise environments. This research … at the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) by testing a previously proposed idea of … permutation: grouping like character classes together in order to improve password usability. Password permutation …

Use of Bayesian Statistics to Improve Optical Measurement Uncertainty by Combined Multi-Tool Metrology

June 25, 2015
Author(s)
Nien F. Zhang, Richard M. Silver, Hui Zhou, Bryan M. Barnes
… technologies for dimensional metrology of features 32 nm in critical dimension and smaller. When modeling optical … parameter space. A nonlinear regression routine described in this paper is then used to identify the optimum set of … and model inaccuracy all lead to measurement uncertainty in the fitting process for optical critical dimension (OCD) …

Nanometer level sampling and control of a scanning electron microscope

June 2, 2015
Author(s)
Bradley N. Damazo, Andras Vladar, Olivier M. Marie-Rose, John A. Kramar
… The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is developing a specialized, metrology … positioning of the sample under the electron beam in the SEM. Using the laser interferometer, with displacement … and control system design, calibration methods. In addition this paper will show results obtained with the …

Dimensional Metrology of Lab on a Chip Internal Structures: a Comparison of Optical Coherence Tomography with Coherence Fluorescence Microscopy

April 8, 2015
Author(s)
Darwin R. Reyes-Hernandez, Michael W. Halter, Jeeseong Hwang
… The characterization of internal structures in a polymeric device, specifically of a final product, will … set of metrology techniques than those traditionally use in the characterization of microelectronic devices. OCT is relatively new, promising technology based on optical interferometry principles that …

Update on the MiniCLEAN Dark Matter Experiment

March 24, 2015
Author(s)
Kevin J. Coakley, K. Rielage, M. Akashi-Ronquest, M. Bodmer, R. Bourque, B. Buck, A. Butcher, T. Caldwell, Y. Chen, F. A. Duncan, E. Flores, J. A. Formaggio, D. Glaster, F. Giuliani, M. Gold, E. Grace, J. Griego, N. Guerrero, V. Guiseppe, R. Henning, A. Hime, S. Jaditz, C. Kachulis, E. Kearns, J. Kelsey, J. R. Klein, A. Latorre, I. Lawson, O. Li, P. Liimatainen, S. Linden, F. Lopez, K. McFarlane, D. N. McKinsey, S. MacMullin, A. Mastbaum, D.-M. Mei, J. Monroe, J. A. Nikkel, J. Oertel, G. D. Orebi Gann, K. Palladino, G. Perumpilly, L. Rodriguez, R. Schnee, S. Seibert, J. Walding, B. Wang, J. Wang, C. Zhang
… Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP). One such technology that is being examined is a scintillationonly … maximize the light yield using cold photomultiplier tubes in a single-phase detector. Pulse shape discrimination …

Alanine-EPR High-Dose Radiation Metrology

January 25, 2015
Author(s)
Marc F. Desrosiers
… has been transformed from an art to a state-of-the-art technology that serves the metrology specialist as well as … Applications of EPR in Radiation Research …

Junction Yield Analysis for 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard Devices

December 5, 2014
Author(s)
Anna E. Fox, Paul D. Dresselhaus, Alain Rufenacht, Aric W. Sanders, Samuel P. Benz
… Analysis of the Josephson junction yield in the National Institute of Standards and Technology 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard … mechanisms. Understanding the source of junction defects in the fabrication process is important for maximizing yield …

International Comparisons of Network Time Protocol Servers

December 4, 2014
Author(s)
Michael A. Lombardi, Judah Levine, Jose M. Lopez, Francisco Jimenez, John Bernard, Marina Gertsvolf, Harold Sanchez, Oscar G. Fallas, Liz C. Hernandez Ferero, Ricardo de Carvalho, Mario Fittipaldi, Raul Solis, Franklin Espejo
… transmitted by network time protocol (NTP) servers located in North, Central, and South America. Direct measurements of … time scale at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado. International comparisons of the time …

Structural Materials Data Demonstration Project: Resource for Thermal Process Modeling

July 1, 2014
Author(s)
Carelyn E. Campbell, Ursula R. Kattner, Alden A. Dima, Scott Henry, Larry A. Berardinis, Tom Searles, Laura M. Bartolo
… under a grant from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has launched the Structural Materials Data … for materials database development and application. In its initial phase, the project is focusing on the heat … purpose and scope of the project and discusses challenges in materials data management and organization. It also …

An Integrated Detection System Against False Data Injection Attacks in the Smart Grid

March 4, 2014
Author(s)
Wei Yu, David W. Griffith, Linqiang Ge, Sulabh Bhattarai, Nada T. Golmie
… especially against cyber threats, is also a critical need. In particular, an adversary can inject false data to disrupt the system operation. In this paper, we develop a system that integrates two … injection of large amounts of spurious measurement data in a very short time. We integrate the anomaly detection with …

Exploring Local Features and the Bag-of-Visual-Words Approach for BioImage Classification

November 5, 2013
Author(s)
Afzal A. Godil, Asim Wagan
… With recent advances in imaging technologies large numbers of bioimages are … local features and the Bag-of-Visual-Words (BOV) approach in the area of bioimage classification. We have tested both … is Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), but we are in the process of testing other local features. The standard …

Evaluation of Energy Consumption Rating Methods for Thermoelectric Wine Chillers and Compact Refrigerators

October 21, 2013
Author(s)
David A. Yashar, Young-Jin Baik
… built around a thermoelectric cooling module, an alternate technology with a vastly different method of operation. This … thermoelectric cooling modules. Three units were examined in this study and each one was incapable of achieving the … the appliance’s energy consumption while it operates in a cooler environment than that prescribed in the test. …

Development of in-situ calibration method for current-to-voltage converters for high-accuracy SI-traceable low-DC-current measurements

September 20, 2013
Author(s)
George P. Eppeldauer, Howard W. Yoon, Dean G. Jarrett, Thomas C. Larason
… been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The high feedback resistors of a reference converter were in-situ calibrated on high-resistivity, printed-circuit-board placed in an electrically shielded box electrically isolated from …

A Vision of Cyber-Physical Cloud Computing for Smart Networked Systems

August 26, 2013
Author(s)
Eric D. Simmon, Kyoung-sook Kim, Eswaran Subrahmanian, Ryong Lee, Frederic J. de Vaulx, Yohei Murakami, Koji Zettsu, Ram D. Sriram
… services use the data to affect the physical environment in real time. The interlinked networks of sensors, actuators …

Applications of Heat Transfer Fundamentals to Fire Modeling

June 25, 2013
Author(s)
Ofodike A. Ezekoye, M J. Hurley, Jose L. Torero, Kevin B. McGrattan
… of fire phenomena has been encapsulated and exercised in fire modeling software tools. Over the past 30 years, participants in the fire industry have begun to use fire modeling tools to aid in decision making associated with design and analysis. In …

Preparation of Nanoscale TiO2 Dispersions in an Environmental Matrix for Eco-Toxicological Assessment

June 3, 2013
Author(s)
Julian S. Taurozzi, Vincent A. Hackley, Mark R. Wiesner
… Toxicity and fate assessment are key elements in the evaluation of the environmental, health and safety … results continues to be a challenge. This can be traced in part to the lack of standardized dispersion protocols and … these issues, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) jointly with the Center for the …

MILK AND SERUM SRMs for MONITORING ORGANIC CONTAMINANTS IN HUMAN SAMPLES

April 24, 2013
Author(s)
Michele M. Schantz, Katherine E. Sharpless, Stephen A. Wise, Rebecca Heltsley, Jennifer Keller, John Kucklick, Stacy VanderPol, Stefan D. Leigh, Donald G. Patterson, Jr., Andreas Sjodon, Wayman E. Turner
… Reference Materials (SRMs) have been developed to assist in the quality assurance required for human biomonitoring … studies. These materials are SRM 1953 Organic Contaminants in Non-Fortified Human Milk, SRM 1954 Organic Contamiants in … between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Centers for Disease Control and …

Characterization of NIST Food-Matrix Standard Reference Materials for their Vitamin C Content

March 26, 2013
Author(s)
Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, James H. Yen, Katherine E. Sharpless
… The vitamin C concentrations in three food-matrix Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have been determined by liquid … vitamin C content on the labels of products distributed in the United States. The SRMs are primarily intended for use …

An imaging spectrometer based on high resolution microscopy of fluorescent aluminum oxide

January 14, 2013
Author(s)
James A. Bartz, Cynthia J. Zeissler, V. V. Fomenko, Mark S. Akselrod
… Fluorescent Nuclear Track Detector (FNTD) technology was tested as an imaging and spectroscopic tool … fluorescent microscopy. Ionization events register in the detector as bright fluorescent features on a weak … Images were acquired at several incrementing depths in the detector to produce 3D data sets. Spectroscopic …

Ultra-Small Angle X-ray Scattering Instrument at the Advanced Photon Source, History, Recent Development, and Current Status

January 1, 2013
Author(s)
Andrew J. Allen, Fan Zhang, Lyle E. Levine, Gabrielle G. Long, Jan Ilavsky, Pete R. Jemian
… project between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Northwestern University, through its … subsequent development and application at the APS in collaboration with NIST is described, and the recent, … ongoing, major enhancements of the instrument at APS, in collaboration with both NIST and the University of …

Practical Considerations for Implementing Homeland Security Models & Simulations

December 1, 2012
Author(s)
Charles W. Hutchings, Sanjay Jain, Yung-Tsun Lee, Charles McLean
… and simulation (M&S) capabilities support reasoning in many domains and can provide powerful tools for homeland … For example, these capabilities are particularly valuable in exploring systems which are inaccessible for direct … capabilities and limitations of the information that the technology can provide. Although U. S. Department of Homeland …

NIST ADVANCES IN COMPUTER-AIDED AND COMPUTATIONAL METHODS IN WIND ENGINEERING

October 19, 2012
Author(s)
Dong Hun Yeo, Franklin T. Lombardo, Dilip K. Banerjee, Eric J. Letvin, Emil Simiu, Marc L. Levitan, Florian A. Potra
… development of computer-aided and computational methods in wind engineering at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Specific topics to be covered include: 1. … speeds, Gulf and Atlantic coasts. 5. Extreme wind speeds in non-hurricane prone conterminous United States. 6. …

Increasing the Service Life of Bridge Decks by Incorporating Phase Change Materials (PCMs) to Reduce Freeze/Thaw Cycles

August 1, 2012
Author(s)
Aaron R. Sakulich, Dale P. Bentz
… During a freezing event, pore solution in cementitious bodies expands and creates stresses that can … a significant concern, as well as two regions where this technology may be practical, increasing the service life of a … As a variety of methods exist to address this loss in strength, PCM incorporation is a promising technique for …
Displaying 11176 - 11200 of 13225
Was this page helpful?