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Physics

Optical physics and communications

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Displaying 501 - 525 of 853

Double-integrating-sphere system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in support of measurement standards for the determination of optical properties of tissue-mimicking phantoms

October 27, 2015
Author(s)
Paul Lemaillet, Jeeseong C. Hwang, David W. Allen
There is a need for a common reference point that will allow for the comparison of the optical properties of tissue mimicking phantoms. This paper provides a brief review of the methods that have been used to measure tissue mimicking phantoms. The review

Digital Phantoms Generated by Spectral and Spatial Light Modulators

October 21, 2015
Author(s)
Bonghwan Chon, Fuyuki Tokumasu, Ji Y. Lee, David W. Allen, Joseph P. Rice, Jeeseong Hwang
A hyperspectral image projector (HIP) based on liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) spatial light modulators (SLMs) is explained and demonstrated to generate 3D spectral data cubes. The HIP- constructed data cubes are 3D images of the spatial distribution of

A Single-Pixel Touchless Laser Tracker Probe

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Josh Gordon, David R. Novotny, Alexandra Curtin
We have developed a laser tracker probe, the Pixel Probe, that does not require physically contacting the object one is measuring and which has 3D spatial resolution of about 25 μm (in x,y,z) in the current configuration. This touchless laser tracker probe

Abiotic bromination of soil organic matter

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Bruce D. Ravel, Alessandra C. Leri
Biogeochemical transformations of plant-derived soil organic matter (SOM) involve complex abiotic and microbially mediated reactions. One such reaction is halogenation, which occurs naturally in the soil environment and has been associated with enzymatic

SPIE 9639-49 Creation and Validation of Spectralon BRDF Targets & Standards

October 12, 2015
Author(s)
Catherine C. Cooksey, Gael Obein, Georgi T. Georgiev, Christopher Durell, Dan Scharpf, Greg McKee, Michelle L'Heureux
Spectralon is an extremely stable, near-perfect lambertian reflecting diffuser and calibration standard material that has been used by national labs, space, aerospace and commercial sectors for over two decades. New uncertainty targets of 2% on-orbit

Non-collinear generation of angularly isolated circularly polarized high harmonics

September 21, 2015
Author(s)
Justin M. Shaw, Daniel Hickstein, Franklin Dollar, Patrik Grychtol, Jennifer Ellis, Carlos Hernandez-Garcia, Ronny J. Knut, Christian Gentry, Henry Kapteyn, Margaret Murnane
We generate ultrashort pulses of angularly isolated, circularly polarized extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light through the first implementation of noncollinear high harmonic generation with circularly polarized driving lasers. The noncollinear geometry offers

Report for Dedicated JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Calibration/Validation Cruise

September 10, 2015
Author(s)
Bettye C. Johnson, Michael Ondrusek, Eric Stengel, Veronica P. Lance, Menghua Wang, Kenneth Voss, Giuseppe Zibordi, Marco Talone, Zhongping Lee, Jianwei Wei, Junfang Lin, Chuanmin Hu, David English, Charles Kovach, Jennifer Cannizzaro, Alex Gilerson, Sam Ahmed, Amir Ibrahim, Ahmed El-Habashi, Robert Foster, Robert Arnone, Ryan Vandermeulen, Sherwin Ladner, Wesley Goode, Joaquim I. Goes, Helga de Rosario Gomes, Kali McKee, Scott Freeman, Aimee Neeley
The purpose of this cruise aboard the NOAA Ship Nancy Foster was to collect in situ optical and ancillary data for validation of JPSS VIIRS satellite ocean color radiometry and derived products [Wang et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2014]. The project interval

Broadband phase spectroscopy over turbulent air paths

September 4, 2015
Author(s)
Fabrizio R. Giorgetta, Greg B. Rieker, Esther Baumann, William C. Swann, Laura C. Sinclair, Jonathan Kofler, Ian R. Coddington, Nathan R. Newbury
Broadband atmospheric phase spectra are measured at sub-milliradian uncertainty corresponding to a 10-13 refractive index change, despite strong decoherence from atmospheric turbulence. A phase-sensitive dual-comb spectrometer acquires spectra over 233 cm

Muffin tin potentials in EXAFS analysis

September 1, 2015
Author(s)
Bruce D. Ravel
Muffin tin potentials are the standard tool for calculating the potential surface of a cluster of atoms for use in the analysis of extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) data. The set of Cartesian coordinates used to define the positions of atoms

Diffraction limited focusing and directing of gap plasmons by a metal-dielectric-metal lens

August 24, 2015
Author(s)
Brian S. Dennis, David Czaplewski, Michael Haftel, Daniel Lopez, Girsh Blumberg, Vladimir Aksyuk
Passive optical elements can play key roles in photonic applications such as plasmonic integrated circuits. Here we experimentally demonstrate passive gap-plasmon focusing and directing in two-dimensions. This is accomplished using a high numerical

Compact X-ray and Extreme-Ultraviolet Light Sources

July 10, 2015
Author(s)
Lahsen Assoufid, Uwe Arp, Patrick Naulleau, Sandra Biedron , William Graves
Bringing the brightness and power of vast synchrotron and free-electron laser sources to the scale of the lab and clinic marks an important next frontier—and could transform the landscape of X-ray science and technology.

Developing Microwave Photonic Temperature Sensors

July 9, 2015
Author(s)
John S. Quintavalle, James Filla, Gregory F. Strouse, Zeeshan Ahmed
In recent years there has been considerable interest in exploiting the temperature dependence of sapphire whispering gallery mode frequency to develop a mechanically stable, high accuracy temperature sensor. Disk-resonator-based devices have been

Development of traceable measurement of the diffuse optical properties of solid reference standards for biomedical optics at the National Institute of Standards and Technology

July 1, 2015
Author(s)
David W. Allen, Paul Lemaillet, Jean-Pierre Bouchard
The development of a national reference instrument dedicated to the measurement of the scattering and absorption properties of solid tissue-mimicking phantoms used as reference standards is presented. The optical properties of the phantoms are measured

CALIBRATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A SEAPRISM RADIOMETER FOR AERONET-OC

June 19, 2015
Author(s)
Bettye C. Johnson, Steven W. Brown, John T. Woodward IV, Keith R. Lykke, Giuseppe Zibordi
The global Aerosol Robotic Network for Ocean Color (AERONET-OC) program utilizes AERONET CE-318 sun photometers (termed “SeaPRISMs”) modified for in-air observations of ocean waters situated on oil drilling rigs, off-shore lighthouses, or other platforms

Dedicated NOAA/JPSS VIIRS Ocean Color Calibration/Validation Cruise

June 12, 2015
Author(s)
Bettye C. Johnson, Michael Ondrusek, Eric Stengel, Veronica P. Lance, Menghua Wang, Kenneth Voss, Giuseppe Zibordi, Marko Talone, Zhongping Lee, Jianwei Wei, Junfang Lin, Chuanmin Hu, David English, Charles Kovach, Jennifer Cannizzaro, Alex Gilerson, Sam Ahmed, Ahmed El-Habashi, Robert Foster, Robert Arnone, Ryan Vandermeulen, Sherwin Ladner, Wesley Goode, Joaquim I. Goes, Helga de Rosario Gomes, Alex Chekalyuk, Kali McKee, Scott Freeman, Aimee Neeley, Amir Ibrahim
The NOAA/STAR Ocean Color team is focused on “end-to-end” production of ocean color satellite products. In situ validation of satellite data is essential to producing the high-quality products required and expected by the international ocean color remote

Fiber Bragg Gratings Embedded in 3D-Printed Scaffolds

June 1, 2015
Author(s)
Peter Liacouras, Khazar Choudhry, Grant Grant, Gregory F. Strouse, Zeeshan Ahmed
In recent years there has been considerable interest in utilizing fiber optic based sensors as embedded sensor for fabricating smart materials. One of the primary motivations is to provide real-time information on the structural health of the material so

Experimentally, How Does Cu TSV Diameter Influence its Stress State?

May 27, 2015
Author(s)
Chukwudi A. Okoro, Lyle E. Levine, Yaw S. Obeng, Ruqing Xu
In this work, an experimental study of the influence of Cu through-silicon via (TSV) diameter on stress build up was performed using synchrotron-based X-ray microdiffraction technique. Three Cu TSV diameters were studied; 3 µm, 5 µm and 8 µm, all of which

Spectral reflectance variability of skin and attributing factors

May 21, 2015
Author(s)
Catherine C. Cooksey, Benjamin K. Tsai, David W. Allen
Knowledge of the spectral reflectance signature of human skin over a wide spectral range will help advance the development of sensing systems for many applications, ranging from medical treatment to security technology. A critical component of the
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