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Metrology

Electrical/electromagnetic metrology

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Displaying 101 - 125 of 473

The Next Generation of Current Measurement for Ionization Chambers

September 1, 2020
Author(s)
Ryan P. Fitzgerald, Denis E. Bergeron, Dean G. Jarrett, Neil M. Zimmerman, Carine Michotte, Hansjoerg Scherer, Stephen Giblin, Steven Judge
Re-entrant ionization chambers (ICs) are essential to radionuclide metrology and nuclear medicine for maintaining standards and measuring half-lives. Metrology-quality systems must be precise and stable to 0.1% over many years, and linear from 10^(-14) A

Graphene quantum Hall effect devices for AC and DC resistance metrology

August 28, 2020
Author(s)
Mattias Kruskopf, Dinesh K. Patel, Chieh-I Liu, Albert Rigosi, Randolph Elmquist, Yicheng Wang, Stefan Bauer, Yefei Yin, Klaus Pierz, Eckard Pesel, Martin Goetz, Jurgen Schurr
The frequency dependence of the quantized Hall resistance at alternating current results from capacitive losses inside the sample as well as between the sample and external parts. In this joint effort we report on ac quantum Hall measurements of a graphene

Ultrafast waveform metrology: A first international comparison

August 24, 2020
Author(s)
Mark Bieler, Paul Struszewski, Ari Feldman, Jeffrey Jargon, Paul D. Hale, Pengwei Gong, Wen Xie, Chuntao Yang, Zhigang Feng, Kejia Zhao, Zhijun Yang
We report on the first international comparison in ultrafast waveform metrology. To this end, the frequency and time responses of a photodiode with a nominal bandwidth of 100 GHz have been measured by several National Metrology Institutes during the last

A Phase Measurement Method to Guarantee the Traceability of the Calibration System

August 1, 2020
Author(s)
Nicholas G. Paulter Jr., Sergio Rapuano, Pasquale Daponte, Luca De Vito, Francesco Picariello, Ioan Tudosa
In this paper, an innovative phase measurement method of sinusoidal signals is presented and a proof-of-concept implementation is demonstrated. The method allows measuring the phase at the output of a high frequency sinewave signal generator, respect to a

Over-The-Air Calibration of a Dual-Beam Dual-Polarized 28-GHz Phased-Array Channel Sounder

July 9, 2020
Author(s)
Sung Yun Jun, Derek Caudill, Jelena Senic, Camillo Gentile, Jack Chuang, Nada T. Golmie
This paper describes an over-the-air calibration procedure for the impulse response of a 28-GHz phased-array antenna channel sounder. The silicon-germanium (SiGe) antenna board is composed from two 8x8 planar arrays; each array can generate a distinct beam

Dual Josephson impedance bridge: towards a universal bridge for impedance metrology

May 19, 2020
Author(s)
Frederic Overney, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Blaise Jeanneret, Alain Rufenacht, Anna Fox, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz
This paper presents a full characterization of a Dual Josephson Impedance Bridge (DJIB) at frequencies up to 80kHz by using the DJIB to compare the best available impedance standards that are (a) directly traceable to the quantum Hall effect, (b) used as

Advanced Temperature-Control Chamber for Resistance Standards

April 10, 2020
Author(s)
Shamith Payagala, Alireza Panna, Albert Rigosi, Dean Jarrett
Calibration services for resistance metrology have continued to advance their capabilities and establish new and improved methods for maintaining standard resistors. Despite the high quality of these methods, there still exist inherent limitations to the

Measurements of Nonlinear Polarization Dynamics in the Tens of Gigahertz

April 9, 2020
Author(s)
Aaron Hagerstrom, Eric J. Marksz, Xiaohang Zhang, Xifeng Lu, Christian Long, James Booth, Ichiro Takeuchi, Nathan Orloff
Frequency-dependent linear permittivity measurements are commonplace in the literature, providing key insights into the structure of dielectric materials. These measurements describe a material's dynamic response to a small applied electric eld. In

Targeted chemical pressure yields tuneable millimetre-wave dielectric

December 23, 2019
Author(s)
Natalie M. Dawley, Eric J. Marksz, Aaron Hagerstrom, Gerhard H. Olsen, Megan E. Holtz, Jingshu Zhang, Chris Long, Craig Fennie, David A. Muller, Darrell G. Schlom, James Booth, Nate Orloff
Tunable dielectrics are key constituents for emerging high-frequency devices in telecommunications—including tunable filters, phase shifters, and baluns—and for miniaturizing frequency-agile microwave and millimeter-wave components. Today, strained films

Nanobolometer with ultralow noise equivalent power

October 11, 2019
Author(s)
Roope J. Kokkoniemi, Joonas Govenius, Visa Vesterinen, Russell Lake, A M. Gunyho, K-Y Tan, S Simbierowicz, Leif Gronberg, J Lehtinen, M Prunnila, Juha Hassel, Antti Lamminen, O P. Saira, Mikko Mottonen
Since the introduction of bolometers more than a century ago, they have been used in various applications ranging from chemical sensors, consumer electronics, and security to particle physics and astronomy. However, faster bolometers with lower noise are

Omnidirectional Channel Sounder with Phased-Array Antennas for 5G Mobile Communications

June 30, 2019
Author(s)
Derek Caudill, Peter B. Papazian, Camillo Gentile, Jack Chuang, Nada T. Golmie
We describe a 60-GHz channel sounder with phased-array antennas and 1-GHz bandwidth. It estimates the angle of departure (AoD)/angle of arrival (AoA) of channel multipath components (MPCs) by sweeping the antenna space of the transmitter/receiver through 5

Designing new structures in epitaxial graphene on SiC: transport and quantum effects

May 13, 2019
Author(s)
Randolph Elmquist, Hanbyul Jin, Mattias Kruskopf, Martina Marzano, Dinesh K. Patel, Alireza Panna, Albert Rigosi
When epitaxial graphene (EG) grows on hexagonal SiC(0001), chemical doping is produced by bonds at the epitaxial interface, or buffer layer. Robust quantum Hall effect (QHE) plateaus are observed at RK/2 = h/2e2, where RK is a constant of electrical

REFRACTIVE-INDEX GAS THERMOMETRY

April 18, 2019
Author(s)
Patrick Rourke, Christof Gaiser, Roberto M. Gavioso, Michael R. Moldover, Laurent Pitre, Robin Underwood
The principles and techniques of primary refractive-index gas thermometry (RIGT) are reviewed. Absolute primary RIGT using microwave measurements of helium-filled quasi-spherical resonators has been implemented at the temperatures of the triple points of

Spontaneous current constriction in threshold switching devices

April 9, 2019
Author(s)
Jonathan Goodwill, Georg Ramer, Dasheng Li, Brian Hoskins, Georges Pavlidis, Jabez J. McClelland, Andrea Centrone, James A. Bain, Marek Skowronski
Threshold switching devices exhibit extremely non-linear current-voltage characteristics, which are of increasing importance for a number of applications including solid-state memories and neuromorphic circuits. It has been proposed that such non-linear

Electric Field Gradient Reference Material for Scanning Probe Microscopy

March 31, 2019
Author(s)
Joseph Kopanski, Lin You
Any eSPM measurement of a spatially varying electric field at the surface of a sample has a large uncertainty due to the unknown details of the tip shape near the surface. We have designed an electric field gradient reference sample to provide an
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