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With wireless communication becoming more and more common in simple everyday devices, the available spectrum is quickly filling up and the risk of interference is increasing. This interference could be a slight nuisance to or it could be a more significant
We consider here the use of hovering unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to test spectrum sensing capabilities of Citizen's Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) systems at 3.5 GHz. Aircraft transmit synthesized LTE or pulsed radar modulation to excite spectrum
This paper describes microwave characterization of coplanar waveguide (CPW) lines formed by ink-jet printed technology on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The reel-to-reel printing process uses inkjet printing as a precursor for 2$\mu
Joshua A. Gordon, David R. Novotny, Ronald C. Wittmann, Michael H. Francis, Miranda L. Butler, Jeffrey R. Guerrieri
The National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST) recently developed a new robotic scanning system for performing near-field measurements at millimeter-wave (mm-wave)frequencies above 100 GHz, the configurable robotic millimeterwave antenna (CROMMA)
Thomas J. Silva, Justin M. Shaw, Hans T. Nembach, Mathias Weiler, Martin Schoen
The damping α of the spinwave resonances in 75 nm, 120 nm, and 200 nm -thick Permalloy films is measured via vector-network- analyzer ferromagnetic-resonance (VNA-FMR). Inductive coupling between the sample and the waveguide leads to an additional
Jing Qin, Richard M. Silver, Bryan M. Barnes, Hui Zhou, Ronald G. Dixson, Mark Alexander Henn
Quantitative optical measurements of deep sub-wavelength, three-dimensional, nanometric structures with sensitivity to sub-nanometer details address an ubiquitous measurement challenge. A Fourier domain normalization approach is used in the Fourier optical
Joshua A. Gordon, David R. Novotny, Michael H. Francis, Ronald C. Wittmann, Alexandra Curtin, Miranda L. Butler, Jeffrey R. Guerrieri
The National Institute of Standards and Tech- nology (NIST) recently developed a new robotic scan- ning system for performing near-field measurements at millimeter-wave frequencies above 100 GHz, the CROMMA (Configurable Robotic Millimeter-Wave Antenna)
David R. Novotny, Josh Gordon, Michael H. Francis, Ronald C. Wittmann, Alexandra Curtin, Jeffrey R. Guerrieri
We have performed spherical and extrapolation scans of two antennas at 118 GHz using a commercial 6-axis robot. Unlike spherical scanning, linear extrapolations do not precisely conform to the native circular movement of the individual robot axes. To
Jeffrey R. Guerrieri, Michael H. Francis, Ronald C. Wittmann
This paper shows that a consensus value method can be used to compile on-axis gain measurement data that have a large range of values and uncertainties. A variety of methods are used to analyze multiple data sets such as un-weighted averages, weighted
Michael H. Francis, Ronald C. Wittmann, Josh Gordon, David R. Novotny
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed computationally efficient algorithms for probe location and polarization compensation in near- to far-field transformations for use when measurements are not made on the standard
We discuss a new method for the measurement of electric (E) fields that will lead to a self-calibrating, direct SI-traceable E-field probe. The technique is based on radio frequency field interactions with alkali atoms placed in glass cells. After we
Ray R. Tanuhardja, Luis A. Gonzalez, Chih-Ming Wang, William F. Young, Kate Remley
This contribution discusses the use of a metric based on the amplitude variation of a channel in the signal bandwidth to predict whether or not a digital wireless communication test system receiver will be able to demodulate a test signal. This metric is
In this presentation, we discuss a fundamentally new approach for an electric (E) field probe design. This new approach is significantly different than currently used field probes in that it is based on the interaction of RF-fields with Rydberg atoms
Sung Kim, David R. Novotny, Joshua A. Gordon, Jeffrey R. Guerrieri
The integral forms of the Kramers-Kronig (KK) relations that relate the real and imaginary parts, n' and n", of a refractive index require the integral to be conducted over the full spectrum. In this paper, we derive a differential form of the KK relation
A new approach to detect absolute radio-frequency (RF) electric fields (E-fields) that uses Rydberg atoms at room temperature in vapor cells has recently been demonstrated. The large transition dipole moments between energetically adjacent Rydberg states
Galen H. Koepke, William F. Young, John M. Ladbury, Jason B. Coder
We examine interference and coexistence testing issues, test methods, and the need to update and develop new test methodologies related to the use of wireless devices in critical infrastructure systems. A case study on interference is presented along with
A Padilla, Alex Watson, Christopher L. Holloway, James Booth
This work presents the design, fabrication and characterization results for a thick film (6µm Cu), coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator operating at 2.2GHz with a high Q (177), integrated with a microfluidic channel. We demonstrate detection of changes in
Samuel Berweger, Shi Zhiwen, Hans A. Bechtel, Sun Yinghui, Zeng Bo, Jin Chenhao, Chang Henry, Michael C. Martin, Markus B. Raschke, Feng Wang
Phonon polaritons are quasiparticles resulting from strong coupling of photons with optical phonons. Excitation and control of these quasiparticles in 2D materials offer the opportunity to confine and transport light at the nanoscale. Here, we image the
Jeffrey A. Jargon, Chihyun Cho, Dylan F. Williams, Paul D. Hale
We develop physical models of commercially available 2.4 mm and 3.5 mm coaxial calibration kits for vector network analyzers. These models support multiline thru-reflect-line (TRL) and open-short-load-thru (OSLT) calibrations, and include error mechanisms
We apply the coherence-propagation theory to model the radiation generated by a planar passive thermal source of any state of coherence. Of our particular interest is the blackbody calibration source with partially coherent characteristic that produces the
Thomas M. Wallis, Goutam Chattopadhyay, Fabio Cocetti, Luca Pierantoni
In the inaugural editorial of these IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology September 2011, the editor-in-chief anticipated that the work published in this journal would push beyond topics that are familiar to the traditional RF and
Jeffrey R. Guerrieri, Joshua A. Gordon, David R. Novotny, Michael H. Francis, Ronald C. Wittmann, Miranda L. Butler
This paper introduces the Configurable Robotic Millimeter-Wave Antenna (CROMMA) facility by the Antenna Metrology Lab at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST set out to develop an antenna measurement facility that would be
The need for traceable microwave power measurements for use in communications, defense, spectral line investigation, molecular particle signature identification, material property characterization and others is well established. Traceability for power
Abstract A plane wave integral representation for fields in reverberation chambers has been found useful for the idealized case of well-stirred fields. The representation satisfies Maxwells equations, and the statistical properties of the fields are
Previous testing has shown that measuring a devices susceptibility to a radiated, broadband signal can present a different set of challenges than those faced when testing with a narrow-band signal. Decisions ranging from choosing a measurement facility to