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Ranko R. Heindl, Stephen E. Russek, Thomas J. Silva, William H. Rippard, Jordan A. Katine
We studied current induced magnetization reversal in elliptical spin valves with CoFeB free layers. The data obtained from high-speed pulsed switching experiments, where the pulse widths were varied from 0.1 to 5 ns, showed differences in the intrinsic
This paper characterizes nonlinear distortion in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) when it is excited by representative communication signals having non-constant time-domain envelopes. The effect of subjecting the ADC to signals that present a range of
Michael H. Francis, Ronald C. Wittmann, Randy Direen
Although the theory is straightforward, practical implementation of spherical near-field scanning for evaluating test chambers presents some significant challenges. Among these are the selection of an appropriate probe and the difficulty in minimizing
Thomas Mitchell (Mitch) Wallis, Atif A. Imtiaz, Hans Nembach, Kristine A. Bertness, Norman Sanford, Paul T. Blanchard, Pavel Kabos
A technique is presented for the broadband electrical characterization of nanowires. The technique relies on established on-wafer calibration methods as well as a direct measurement of the capacitive coupling that is in parallel with the nanowire
The design and evaluation of a WR-15 (50 to 75 GHz) rectangular waveguide microcalorimeter is presented. This new microcalorimeter will be the national standard for power in the US from 50 to 75 GHz. It can measure the effective efficiency of a wider
We investigate the importance of broadband substrate permittivity and loss tangent measurement for accurate calculations of the characteristic impedance and propagation constant of ungrounded coplanar waveguides (CPWs). To determine the properties of a CPW
James R. Baker-Jarvis, Michael D. Janezic, Billy F. Riddle
The concepts of effective permittivity and permeability are used throughout the literature to describe both highly heterogeneous materials, inhomogeneous materials, and small collections of molecules. In this paper we study definitions of the permittivity
A brief summary is presented for the uncertainty analysis for measurements of noise parameters of amplifiers and transistors, in both connectorized (coaxial) and on-wafer environments. We treat both the X-parameters, which are based on the wave
Catherine A. Remley, Nuno Carvalho, Pedro Cruz, Kevin Gard
This paper presents a new type of analog-digital mixed-domain instrument that is specially tailored for software defined radio characterization. The instrument allows the utilization of analog instruments such as vector signal analyzers and network
Catherine A. Remley, Galen H. Koepke, Christopher L. Holloway, Chriss A. Grosvenor, Dennis G. Camell
We present measurement data to support technology and standards development for broadband, digitally modulated radio communications used by emergency responders. Measurements were carried out at an oil refinery, representing a class of high-multipath
Simple formulas are developed that enable emission limits from one EMC facility type to be translated to other EMC facility types. Facility types considered are free space, a half space as represented by an open area test site or a semi-anechoic chamber
We report the development and characterization of a passive heterodyne hot electron bolometer (HEB) imager operating at 850 GHz. HEB detectors provide unprecedented sensitivity and spectral resolution at terahertz frequencies covering the frequency range
Chriss A. Grosvenor, David R. Novotny, Dennis G. Camell, Galen H. Koepke, Robert Johnk, Seturnino Canales
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has completed shielding effectiveness/penetration studies on three different aircraft types for the Federal Aviation Administration. The studies are used to understand the cavity coupling characteristics