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NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 32001 - 32025 of 73830

Covalent Attachment of Photoluminescent Silicon Nanoparticles to Streptavidin

September 11, 2007
Author(s)
Jonghoon Choi, Peter Niarhos, Nam S. Wang, Vytas Reipa
We have covalently attached multiple fluorescent silicon nanocrystals (SNs) to streptavidin molecule. Selective conjugation of SNs to a target protein is accomplished using sequential silicon surface termination chemistry. In the first step, freshly

An Optical Fiber-Based Source of Polarization-Entangled Photon Pairs

September 10, 2007
Author(s)
Jingyun Fan, M D. Eisaman, Alan L. Migdall
We describe an achromatic, phase-stable, broadband source of polarization-entangled photon pairs with high spectral brightness that uses four-wave mixing in a fiber Sagnac interferometer. We achieved a polarization-entangled two-photon coincidence rate of

Detector Dead-Time Effects and Paralyzability in High-Speed Quantum Key Distribution

September 10, 2007
Author(s)
Daniel Rogers, Joshua C. Bienfang, Anastase Nakassis, Hai Xu, Charles W. Clark
Recent advances in quantum key distribution (QKD) have given rise to systems that operate at transmission periods significantly shorter than the dead times of their component single-photon detectors. As systems continue to increase in transmission rate

Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing

September 10, 2007
Author(s)
Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar, John A. Kramar, L A. Stern, John Notte, Sean McVey
Helium Ion Microscopy (HIM) is a new, potentially disruptive technology for nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing. This methodology presents a potentially revolutionary approach to imaging and measurements which has several potential advantages over the

Acoustic Thermometry Results From 271 K to 552 K

September 8, 2007
Author(s)
Dean C. Ripple, Gregory F. Strouse, Michael R. Moldover
The NIST Acoustic Thermometer determines the thermodynamic temperature from measurements of ratios of the speed of sound of argon in a spherical cavity. We report recent results for T - T90 on 12 isotherms spanning the range 271 K to 552 K. (T is the

A New Taxonomy for Analyzing Smart Card-based Authentication Processes

September 7, 2007
Author(s)
Ramaswamy Chandramouli
As part of E-Government and security initiatives, smart cards are now being increasingly deployed as authentication tokens. The existing classification of authentication factors into What you Know, What You Have and What You Are- does not provide a good

Infrastructure Standards for Smart ID-Cards Deployment

September 7, 2007
Author(s)
Ramaswamy Chandramouli, Philip Lee
Smart cards are being increasingly deployed for many applications. Typical applications are Subscriber Identification Module (SIM) cards (in Telecommunication), Micropayment (in Financial Transactions), Commuter Cards (in Urban Transportation Systems) and

STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT FOR REMOTE SENSING AT MICROWAVE AND TERAHERTZ FREQUENCIES

September 7, 2007
Author(s)
James P. Randa, Eyal Gerecht, Dave K. Walker, Amanda Cox, Dazhen Gu, Lixing You, Robert L. Billinger
The Noise Project in the Electromagnetics Division of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has proposed the development of standards for microwave brightness temperature, for use in remote-sensing applications such as satellite-based

The third industrial fluid properties simulation challenge

September 7, 2007
Author(s)
F Case, John K. Brennan, Anne M. Chaka, Kerwin Dobbs, Daniel G. Friend, David Frurip, Peter A. Gordon, J Moore, Raymond D. Mountain, J Olson, Richard B. Ross, Martin Schiller, Vincent K. Shen
The third Industrial fluid properties simulation challenge was held from March to September 2006. As in the previous two events, contestants were challenged to predict specific, industrially relevant, properties of fluid systems. Their efforts were judged

A New Approach to Ventilation Measurements in Enclosure Fires

September 5, 2007
Author(s)
Rodney A. Bryant
The application of Stereoscopic Particle Image Velocimetry (SPIV) is a new approach to quantifying the ventilation in enclosure fires. SPIV is a non-intrusive optical measurement technique which measures the displacement of tracer particles in a flow. The

Cement and Concrete Materials Research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)

September 5, 2007
Author(s)
Edward J. Garboczi, Dale P. Bentz, Jeffrey W. Bullard, Chiara F. Ferraris, Nicos Martys, Max A. Peltz, Sudalin Rodrigues, Paul E. Stutzman, Kenneth A. Snyder, John A. Winpigler
The materials science of cement and concrete is the focus of the Inorganic Materials Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These experimental and computational research efforts include component and finished materials

Custom Hardware to Eliminate Bottlenecks in QKD Throughput Performance

September 5, 2007
Author(s)
Alan Mink
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) system was designed to include custom hardware to support the generation and management of gigabit data streams. As our photonics improved our software

Emergency Egress Strategies for Buildings

September 5, 2007
Author(s)
Richard W. Bukowski
The primary strategy for providing for the safety of building occupants in emergencies (especially fires) is by facilitating their relocation to a safe place. In other than a few institutional occupancies (health care and detentional) this generally

Improving Survivability in Motor Vehicle Fires

September 5, 2007
Author(s)
Ken H. Digges, Richard Gann, Steve J. Grayson, Marcelo M. Hirschler, Richard E. Lyon, David A. Purser, Jim G. Quintiere, Rody R. Stephenson, Archie Tewarson
Automobile fires are consistently among the largest causes of fire deaths in the United States and the U.S. motor vehicle industry has spent $14 million over the last ten years studying this problem. The authors of this review have analyzed the auto

Microwave Spectra of Molecules of Astrophysical Interest: XXV. Methylamine

September 5, 2007
Author(s)
Vadim V. Ilyushin, Francis J. Lovas
The microwave spectrum of methylamine in its ground vibrational state is critically reviewed and supplemented with spectral frequency calculations derived from rotation-internal rotation-inversion analysis. The review covers frequency range from 1 GHz to

Modeling Polymer Melt Flow Using the Particle Finite Element Method

September 5, 2007
Author(s)
Kathryn M. Butler, E Onate, S R. Idelsohn, R Rossi
A new particle-based approach is applied to the modeling of experiments on the effects of the melt flow behavior of thermoplastics. The Particle Finite Element Method (PFEM) combines convection of particles by the flow field with a finite element solution

Chip-level Security for RFID Smart Cards and Tags

September 4, 2007
Author(s)
Dylan Williams, Kate Remley
This report on RFID chip-level security is written to help both technical and non-technical audiences navigate the complex chip-level security features of RFID smart cards and tags, and make intelligent security choices. The report explores both attacks

Polarization-dependent optical 2D Fourier transform spectroscopy of semiconductors

September 4, 2007
Author(s)
T Zhang, Irina Kuznetsova, T. Meier, X. Li, Richard Mirin, P. Thomas, Steven T. Cundiff
Optical 2D Fourier transform spectroscopy (2DFTS) provides insight into the many-body interactions in direct gap semiconductors by separating the contributions to the coherent nonlinear optical response. We demonstrate these features of optical 2DFTS by
Displaying 32001 - 32025 of 73830
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