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Metrology

Electrical / electromagnetic metrology

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Displaying 26 - 50 of 470

VHF Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer

October 1, 2024
Author(s)
Jeremy Thomas, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Anna Fox, Akim Babenko, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus
We report on the design, fabrication, and measurement of a Very High Frequency band Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (VHF-JAWS) at frequencies up to 50.05 MHz. The VHF-JAWS chip is composed of a series array of 12810 Josephson junctions (JJs)

On Digital Signal Processing of Time Series for Spectrum Estimation

September 11, 2024
Author(s)
Dazhen Gu, Jake Rezac, Xifeng Lu, Dan Kuester
We present a study of power spectral density (PSD) estimation from data sampled in the time domain. This work was motivated by our recent development of digital radiometry, where radiation spectra were obtained by processing the digitally sampled signal

Statistical study and parallelization of multiplexed single-electron sources

September 9, 2024
Author(s)
S Norimoto, P See, N Schoinas, I Rungger, Tommy Boykin, Michael Stewart, J. P. Griffiths, C. Chen, D. A. Ritchie, M. Kataoka
Increasing electric current from a single-electron source is a main challenge in an effort to establish the standard of the ampere defined by the fixed value of the elementary charge e and operation frequency f . While the current scales with f , due to an

Using Commercial Source Measure Units for Traceable RF Power Measurements

September 4, 2024
Author(s)
Cole Gray, Aaron Hagerstrom, Zenn Roberts, Christian Long
Abstract—As a National Metrology Institute (NMI), the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) maintains traceable measurement capabilities for a variety of quantities, including microwave power. At NMIs and calibration laboratories, traceable

Differential Measurements of an AC Source with a Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer

August 30, 2024
Author(s)
Alain Rufenacht, Raegan Johnson, Anna Fox, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Charlie Burroughs, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus, STEPHANE SOLVE, Jesus Mejia
This paper describes differential sampling measurements of an ac source and a Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (JAWS). A new iterative approach for aligning the phases of the JAWS and the source waveforms was implemented to minimize the

Digitizer Linearity Measurement with a Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer

August 30, 2024
Author(s)
Jesus Mejia, Alain Rufenacht, Raegan Johnson, Anna Fox, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus
This article examines the non-linearity and gain error of a commercial digitizer on the 100 mV range with a Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) as a reference. Different digitizer input filter settings were studied, and the shortest aperture of

Dual-Frequency-Bias Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard Circuit Design

August 30, 2024
Author(s)
Alain Rufenacht, Anna Fox, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz
This paper presents a new 2 V programmable Josephson voltage standard circuit with dual microwave frequency input. This design provides three main features: (1) output voltages with nanovolt resolution, (2) the ability to perform a microwave frequency self

Measuring VHF Detector Linearity using a Quantum-Based Source

August 30, 2024
Author(s)
Jeremy Thomas, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Anna Fox, Alain Rufenacht, Paul Dresselhaus
We demonstrate the use of a Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer (JAWS) for linearity measurements of two instruments: an RF power sensor and a fast ADC. The VHF-JAWS source consists of a chip with 12,810Josephson junctions located in a cryocooler and

Optimization of Wye-D-Type Quantum Hall Resistance Standard

August 30, 2024
Author(s)
Yanfei Yang, Dean G. Jarrett, Alireza Panna, Albert Rigosi, David B. Newell, Randolph Elmquist, Cheng Hsueh Yang, Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran
Theoretically wye-delta transformation can be used to realize ultra-high resistances up to PΩ. For graphene-based quantum Hall array resistance standards fabricated to utilize the wye-delta transformation, a few challenges present themselves, including the

Progress in the Kibble Dynamic Force Reference

August 30, 2024
Author(s)
Jared Strait, Akobuije Chijioke
We present progress in the development of a dynamic force reference instrument (KDFR) based on the Kibble principle. We describe the operating principle and design of the KDFR and discuss how the design for alternating current (AC) force measurements

Single-cryostat integration of the quantum anomalous Hall and Josephson effects

August 30, 2024
Author(s)
Jason Underwood, Linsey Rodenbach, Ngoc Thanh Mai Tran, Alireza Panna, Zachary Barcikowski, Molly Andersen, Peng Zhang, Lixuan Tai, Randolph Elmquist, Dean Jarrett, David Goldhaber-Gordon, David Newell, Albert Rigosi
By directly integrating a quantum anomalous Hall resistor (QAHR) and a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) into a single cryostat, we have implemented a quantum electrical reference that provides a realization of the volt, ohm, and ampere in

Stability Study of ac Voltage Source using Josephson Voltage Standards

August 30, 2024
Author(s)
Ghislain Granger, Waldemar G. Kuerten Ihlenfeld, Alain Rufenacht, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Anna Fox, Raegan Johnson, Jesus Mejia
The stability of an ac voltage source fabricated at the National Research Council Canada (NRC) is investigated. NRC uses differential sampling to monitor the source voltage with respect to a step-wise approximated reference waveform generated by the

AC Metrology Applications of the Josephson Effect

July 31, 2024
Author(s)
Samuel Benz
The performance of programmable voltage signals that exploit the quantum behavior of superconducting Josephson junctions continues to improve and enable new capabilities for applications in metrology, communications, and quantum control. We present the

Characterizing the Broadband RF Permittivity of 3D-Integrated Layers in a Glass Wafer Stack from 100 MHz to 30 GHz

July 30, 2024
Author(s)
Jacob Pawlik, Tomasz Karpisz, Nicholas Derimow, Sarah Evans, Jim Booth, Nate Orloff, Chris Long, Angela Stelson
We present a method for accurately determining the permittivity of dielectric materials in 3D integrated structures at broadband RF frequencies. With applications of microwave and millimeter-wave electronics on the rise, reliable methods for measuring the

Multi-frequency Antenna Metrology with Sparse Measurements

July 10, 2024
Author(s)
Marc Valdez, Angela Folz, Michael Wakin, Joshua Gordon
We examine different approaches for compressive sensing in broadband antenna radiation pattern measurements, a common tool in antenna metrology. We focus on spherical near-field measurements and seek improved reductions in the needed number of measurements

Four terminal-pair measurements of ceramic capacitors

June 28, 2024
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Yicheng Wang, Andrew Koffman, Jordan Love
Expanding on our previous work on four terminal-pair air capacitors, we present a model for the frequency-dependent capacitance of ceramic capacitors for values ranging from 10 nF to 10 uF. Two measurements are necessary for the complete model. First, the

The Quantum Electro-Mechanical Metrology Suite

March 27, 2024
Author(s)
Frank Seifert, Lorenz Keck, David B. Newell, Darine El Haddad
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is building a robust open-source hardware and software Quantum Electro-Mechanical Metrology Suite (QEMMS) that can provide quantum voltage, resistance, current, mass, and force dissemination

Rapid Automated Antenna Alignment on Robotic Antenna Ranges

March 17, 2024
Author(s)
Benjamin Moser, Joshua Gordon
We present methods to automate AUT-probe alignment on a robotic antenna range using iterative fitting methods. Data collected during pose refinement is used to characterize offsets to the robot motion frame and the end effector measurement frame with

A Fully Integrated, Automatically Generated DC-DC Converter Maintaining > 75% Efficiency From 398 K Down to 23 K Across Wide Load Ranges in 12-nm FinFET

January 1, 2024
Author(s)
Anhang Li, Jeongsup Lee, Prashansa Mukim, Brian Hoskins, Pragya Shrestha, David Wentzloff, David Blaauw, Dennis Sylvester, Mehdi Saligane
This paper presents a fully integrated recursive successive-approximation switched capacitor (RSC) DC-DC converter implemented using an automatic cell-based layout generation in 12 nm FinFET technology. A novel design methodology is demonstrated based on

Robotic Antenna Measurements

December 11, 2023
Author(s)
Josh Gordon
Robots excel at manipulating objects with 6 degree of freedom movement. A combination of well-defined kinematics, optimized control loops, and robust mechanical architecture make robots a versatile and capable platform for a range of applications where
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