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Health

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Displaying 376 - 400 of 848

Flow Cytometer Performance Characterization, Standardization and Calibration against CD4 on T Lymphocytes Enables Quantification of Biomarker Expressions for Immunological Applications

August 7, 2014
Author(s)
Heba Degheidy, Steven R. Bauer, Gerald Marti, Lili Wang
There is an urgent need for developing a procedure for biomarker standardization and quantification in clinical laboratories. Measuring the expression levels of cell antigens is critical for the diagnosis of many diseases, e.g. leukemia, lymphoma and

Membrane protein resistance of oligo(ethylene oxide) self-assembled monolayers

July 31, 2014
Author(s)
David J. Vanderah, Marlon L. Walker, David T. Gallagher, Ryan Vierling, Fay Crawshaw
Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to evaluate the resistance to protein adsorption (RPA) of self- assembled monolayers (SAMs) of HS(CH2)3O(CH2CH2O)6M and [HS(CH2)3CH]2O-(CH2CH2O)6M, where M = CH3 or H, on Au. The SAMs were exposed to fibrinogen, a

High-Speed Coherent Raman Fingerprint Imaging of Biological Tissues

July 20, 2014
Author(s)
Charles H. Camp, Young J. Lee, John M. Heddleston, Christopher M. Hartshorn, Angela R. Hight Walker, Jeremy N. Rich, Justin D. Lathia, Marcus T. Cicerone
We have developed a coherent Raman imaging platform using broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) that provides an unprecedented combination of speed, sensitivity, and spectral breadth. The system utilizes a unique configuration of laser

Spectral Fluorescence Measurements

July 7, 2014
Author(s)
Paul C. DeRose, Joanne C. Zwinkels, James Leland
This chapter covers the topic of spectral fluorescence measurements. These fluorescence measurements offer significant advantages in terms of sensitivity and selectivity, finding wide use in a range of applications in analytical and color technologies. The

Viscosity Measurements of DNA Solutions with and without Condensing Agents

July 7, 2014
Author(s)
Arno D. Laesecke, Jessica L. Burger
Aqueous DNA solutions at three concentrations were studied as model sputum by viscosity measurements at ambient pressure. Initial measurements at 25 °C, 37.78 °C, and 50 °C indicated a viscosity increase toward 50 °C. This phenomenon was studied by

State of the Art Raman Techniques for Biological Applications

July 1, 2014
Author(s)
Angela R. Hight Walker, Alasdair Rae, Rainer Stosch, Petr Klapetek, Debdulal Roy
Raman spectroscopy is a powerful tool for the elucidation of qualitative and quantitative information from biological systems and has huge potential in areas such as biotechnologies, drug discovery, agro-chemical research and clinical diagnostics. This

Standards in Biothermodynamics

May 15, 2014
Author(s)
Robert N. Goldberg
The field of biothermodynamics encompasses physical property measurements on biochemical and biological systems. This chapter reviews the status of standards documents that are pertinent to biothermodynamics as well as recommendations that have been made

Machine Learning Analysis for Identification of Cell Shape Metrics Associated with Stem Cell Differentiation in Nanofiber Scaffolds

April 19, 2014
Author(s)
Desu Chen, Sumona Sarkar, Stephen J. Florczyk, Subhadip Bodhak, Carl G. Simon Jr., Joy P. Dunkers, Julian Candia, Wolfgang Losert
Cell shape has been demonstrated to be closely related to cell function and may be an important predictor of cell fate. Many metrics are available to describe cell shape, however the relationship of these metrics to cell fate are not well understood

Measuring Organelle Shape in 3D in Stem Cells Cultured on Nanofiber Scaffolds

April 19, 2014
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Peter Bajcsy, Wojtek J. Tutak, Jyotsnendu J. Giri
Previous work has demonstrated that culture of osteoprogenitor cells on nanofiber scaffolds can potentiate osteogenic differentiation [1-4]. Culture of cells in nanofiber scaffolds causes changes to cell morphology, suggesting that morphological changes

Structural Basis for Inactivation of Giardia lamblia Carbamate Kinase by Disulfiram

April 11, 2014
Author(s)
Andrey Galkin, Liudmila Kulakova, Kap Lim, Catherine Chen, Wei Zhang, Illarion Turko, Osnat Herzberg
Carbamate kinase from Giardia lamblia is an essential enzyme for the survival of the organism. The enzyme catalyzes the final step in the arginine dihydrolase pathway converting ADP and carbamoyl phosphate to ATP and carbamate. We previously reported that

AN EXAMINATION OF METAL DEPOSITION DERIVED FROM AEROSPACE-RELATED ACTIVITY IN SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL MATRICES COLLECTED FROM WATERS SURROUNDING THE KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (KSC), FLORIDA

April 8, 2014
Author(s)
John Bowden, Theresa M. Cantu, Douglas M. Scheidt, Russell H. Lowers, Brian A. Nocito, Vaneica Y. Young, Louis J. Guillette
Metal deposition originating from anthropogenic activity was examined in a two-tier study using environmental samples collected from several locations at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) and surrounding Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge (MINWR) with

Measuring Stem Cell Dimensionality in Tissue Scaffolds

April 1, 2014
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Sapun Parekh, Christopher K. Tison, Girish Kumar, Tanya M. Farooque, Charles H. Camp
Many 3D scaffold systems have evolved for tissue engineering, drug screening and in vitro tissue models. However, it is not clear which scaffolds provide a 3D cell niche and there is no clear way to measure cell niche dimensionality. Advances in 3D niche

Application of Falling-Needle Rheometry to Highly Concentrated DNA Solutions.

March 18, 2014
Author(s)
Jessica L. Burger, Hideki Yamamoto, Takamasa Suzuki, Arno D. Laesecke
High concentration DNA solutions are common both in vitro and in vivo, and understanding the rheological properties is a critical area of bioscience. Our previous measurements on high concentration DNA solutions (2-6 mg/ml) interestingly provided evidence

Certification of Total Arsenic in Blood and Urine Standard Reference Materials by Radiochemical Neutron Activation Analysis and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

March 1, 2014
Author(s)
Rick L. Paul, William C. Davis, Karen E. Murphy, Colleen E. Bryan Sallee, Lee L. Yu, William F. Guthrie, Dennis D. Leber, Thomas W. Vetter
A newly developed procedure for determination of arsenic by radiochemical neutron activation analysis was used to measure arsenic in SRM 955c Toxic Elements in Caprine Blood and SRM 2668 Toxic Elements in Frozen Human Urine for the purpose of providing

CPTAC Studies 1 and 5: dissecting variability in multi-site LC-MS/MS proteomics through quality metrics and robust hierarchical multivariate statistics

February 4, 2014
Author(s)
Stephen E. Stein, David M. Bunk, Xia Wang, Matthew Chambers, Lorenzo J. Vega-Montoto, David L. Tabb
Shotgun proteomics experiments integrate a complex sequence of processes, any of which can introduce variability. Quality metrics computed from LC-MS/MS data have relied upon identifying MS/MS scans, but a new mode for the QuaMeter software produces

Influence of tissue, age, and environmental quality on global levels of genomic methylation in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

January 7, 2014
Author(s)
Benjamin B. Parrott, John Bowden, Satomi Kohno, Jessica A. Cloy-McCoy, Jacqueline T. Bangma, Thomas R. Rainwater, Phillip M. Wilkinson, John Kucklick, Louis J. Guillette
Epigenetic modifications are key mediators of the interactions between the environment and an organism's genome. DNA methylation represents the best-studied epigenetic modification to date and is known to play key roles in regulating transcriptional

Probing the intracellular glutathione redox potential using in-cell NMR spectroscopy

January 2, 2014
Author(s)
Steve Y. Rhieu, Aaron A. Urbas, Daniel W. Bearden, John P. Marino, Vytautas Reipa, Katrice A. Lippa
Non-invasive and real-time analysis of cellular redox processes has been greatly hampered by lack of suitable measurement techniques. Here we describe an in-cell nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based method for measuring the intracellular glutathione

Dielectrophoretic Trapping of P19 Cells on Indium Tin Oxide based Microelectrode Arrays

November 8, 2013
Author(s)
Aveek Gangopadhyay, Saugandhika Minnikanti, Darwin Reyes-Hernandez, Mulpuri V. Rao, Nathalia Peixoto
A microfabricated device comprised of a microelectrode array (MEA) and a microfluidic channel is presented here for the purpose of trapping cells using positive dielectrophoresis (DEP). Transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes are patterned in an

Airbrushed Nanofiber Scaffolds Support Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation

November 1, 2013
Author(s)
Carl G. Simon Jr., Wojtek J. Tutak, Sumona Sarkar, Tanya M. Farooque, Jyotsnendu J. Giri, Dongbo Wang, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Joachim Kohn, Durgadas Bolikal
Nanofiber scaffolds are effective for tissue engineering since they emulate the fibrous nanostructure of native extracellular matrix (ECM). Although electrospinning has been the most common approach for fabricating nanofiber scaffolds, airbrushing
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