December 7, 2016
      
                  
        
  Author(s)
  Joseph A. Hagmann,   Xiqiao  Wang,   Pradeep N. Namboodiri,   Richard M. Silver,   Curt A. Richter
 
       
            
    
    
        An improved capacity to control matter at the atomic scale is central to the advancement of nanotechnology. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices that power existing computing technology, which continue to scale down in size as