U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 5526 - 5550 of 13218

Practical Guide for Inelastic Mean Free Paths, Effective Attenuation Lengths, Mean Escape Depths, and Information Depths in X-ray Photoelectron SpectroscopyInformation Depths in X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

February 20, 2020
Author(s)
Cedric J. Powell
… on four terms that are used for different purposes in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS): the inelastic mean … both on the IMFP and on the instrumental configuration. In addition, different EALs can be defined for different XPS … is one of a series intended to highlight best practices in the use of XPS. …

Characterization of bubbler performance for low-volatility liquid precursor delivery

June 27, 2019
Author(s)
James E. Maslar, William A. Kimes, Brent A. Sperling, Ravindra K. Kanjolia
… and modeled CCTBA flow rates was obtained using a model in which a constant CCTBA partial pressure in the bubbler head space for a given bubbler temperature was assumed and in which the pressure drop between the bubbler head space and … Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A …

Practical Guides for X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: First Steps in Planning, Conducting, and Reporting XPS Measurements

May 15, 2019
Author(s)
Cedric J. Powell, Donald R. Baer, Kateryna Artyushkova, Christopher R. Brundle, James E. Castle, Mark Engelhard, Karen Gaskell, John Grant, Richard Haasch, Matthew Linford, Peter Sherwood, Vincent Smentkowski, Alexander Shard
… decades, the use of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) in research and applications has grown to make XPS the most … of surface analysis. There has also been an increase in the number of new or inexperienced users along with an increase in erroneous and misapplications of the method. This article …

Measured relationship between thermodynamic pressure and refractivity for six candidate gases in laser barometry

April 15, 2019
Author(s)
Patrick F. Egan, Jack Stone, Julia K. Scherschligt, Allan Harvey
… are approaching accuracy levels where gas pressures in the range 1 Pa < p < 1 MPa inferred by measurements of gas … a relative standard uncertainty within 16 x 10^-6 * A_R. In these experiments, pressure is realized via measurements … This feature allowed us to calibrate a pressure transducer in situ with helium, and subsequently use the transducer to …

Numerical study of geometrical effects on the performance of an H-type cylindrical resonant photoacoustic cell

July 30, 2018
Author(s)
Mannoor Madhusoodanan, Jeeseong C. Hwang, Sangmo Kang
… performing simulations on the generation of acoustic waves in the cell. Here, the acoustic response (pressure), … addition due to the laser passage and thus the variations in the velocity, pressure and temperature fields inside the … of the cell for the best acoustic response. The approach in this study may be applied to the design of various types …

Quantum-based vacuum metrology at NIST

June 20, 2018
Author(s)
Julia K. Scherschligt, James A. Fedchak, Zeeshan Ahmed, Daniel S. Barker, Kevin O. Douglass, Stephen P. Eckel, Edward T. Hanson, Jay H. Hendricks, Thomas P. Purdy, Jacob E. Ricker, Robinjeet Singh
… The measurement science in realizing and disseminating the SI unit for pressure, the … spectroscopy. Work is ongoing to recast the pascal in terms of quantum properties and fundamental constants and in so doing, make vacuum metrology consistent with the global …

In situ infrared spectroscopy during La2O3 ALD using La(iPrCp)3 and H2O

April 26, 2018
Author(s)
Brent A. Sperling, James E. Maslar, Sergei Ivanov
… At low temperature, ligand exchange is seen to occur. In addition, carbonates are found. With extended purging, the … Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A … In situ infrared spectroscopy during La2O3 ALD using …

Vacuum Furnace for Degassing Stainless-Steel Vacuum Components

March 1, 2018
Author(s)
James A. Fedchak, Julia K. Scherschligt, Daniel S. Barker, Stephen P. Eckel, Alex P. Farrell, Makfir Sefa
… outgassing rates to achieve pressure of 10-6 Pa and below. In such a case, any component placed into the ultra-high … to reduce the outgassing rate of vacuum components for use in ultra-high vacuum systems. The design, construction, and … Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A …

Performance Analysis of Relay-based Two-way D2D Communications with Network Coding

January 23, 2018
Author(s)
Hamid Gharavi
… In this paper, we present an analytical approach to evaluate … D2D communications with and without network coding. In our approach, we first establish a relationship between … a useful insight into the application of network coding in relay-based D2D networks. … IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology …

Investigations of medium-temperature bakes to achieve low outgassing rates in stainless steel ultra-high vacuum chambers

July 1, 2017
Author(s)
Makfir Sefa, James A. Fedchak, Julia Scherschligt
… a medium temperature air-bake. Both heat treatments were in the range of 400 °C to 450 °C. The air-bake was performed … was performed with the interior surfaces of the components in high-vacuum, but the exterior surfaces exposed to the … A third identical vacuum chamber was constructed and baked in dry air at 250 °C for 48 hours. Compared to identical …

A method to extrapolate the diffuse upwelling radiance attenuation coefficient to the surface as applied to the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY)

June 30, 2017
Author(s)
Kenneth Voss, Howard Gordon, Stephanie J. Flora, B. Carol Johnson, Mark A. Yarbrough, Michael Feinholz, Terrance Houlihan
… The upwelling radiance attenuation coefficient (KLu) in the upper 10 m of the water column can be significantly … will be used to provide additional more accurate products in the MOBY data set. … Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology …

Literature review on field study of ventilation and indoor air quality performance verification in high- performance commercial buildings in North America

March 31, 2017
Author(s)
Steven Emmerich, Kevin Y. Teichman, Andrew Persily
… In this paper, we summarize the results of field studies to … the ventilation and indoor air quality (IAQ) performance in high-performance commercial (non-industrial, non-residential) buildings in North America. We show that the number of such studies is … Science and Technology for the Built Environment …

Materials Design for Biomechanical Layer Structures

February 19, 2017
Author(s)
Brian R. Lawn, Antonia Pajares, P Miranda, Y N. Deng
… A survey of recent advances in the analysis of ceramic-based layer structures for … Encyclopedia of Materials: Science & Technology …

Band Alignment Measurement by Internal Photoemission Spectroscopy

January 30, 2017
Author(s)
Nhan V. Nguyen
… measurement without complicated modeling commonly used in other techniques. In this chapter, the basic principle of the internal … transport, and escape of charge carriers) are described in details. An instruction to a special case of hole emission … Metrology and Diagnostic Technology for Nanoelectronics …

Infrared measurement of the temperature at the tool-chip interface while machining Ti-6Al-4V

November 29, 2016
Author(s)
Jarred C. Heigel, Eric P. Whitenton, Brandon M. Lane, M A. Donmez, Wilfredo Moscoso-Kingsley, Vis Madhavan
… conductivity of titanium alloys and the heat generated in the primary shear zone and at the tool-chip interface. … frame rate (700 Hz) and large field of view (20 mm^2) used in this study enable the temperature distribution of the … m/rev and cutting speeds between 20 m/min and 100 m/min. In addition to the temperature measurements, cutting forces …

Horizontal Convective Boiling of R448A, R449A, and R452B within a Micro-Fin Tube

August 3, 2016
Author(s)
Mark A. Kedzierski, Donggyu Kang
… This paper presents local convective boiling measurements in a micro-fin tube for three low global warming potential … refrigerant R452B exhibited the highest heat transfer, in large part due to its approximate 28% larger liquid … 26% and 48% less than that of R404A for the example case. In contrast, the model predicts that the R452B heat transfer …

In-Situ Metrology to Characterize Water Vapor Delivery during Atomic Layer Deposition

May 2, 2016
Author(s)
Tariq Ahmido, William A. Kimes, Brent A. Sperling, Joseph T. Hodges, James E. Maslar
… Water is often employed as the oxygen source in metal oxide atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. It has been reported that variations in the amount of water delivered during metal oxide ALD can … The development of rapid, quantitative techniques for in situ water vapor measurements during ALD processes would …

The chemical, mechanical, and physical properties of 3-D printed materials composed of TiO2-ABS nanocomposites

March 1, 2016
Author(s)
Zeeshan Ahmed, Matthew Skorski, Jake Esenther, Abigail E. Miller, Hartings Mathew
… experiments suggest that ABS undergoes minor degradation in the presence of TiO2 during the different processing … are among the first to display chemical reactivity in nanocomposites that are printed using commercial 3-D … others who seek to incorporate catalytic nanoparticles in 3- D printed structures. …

Uranium Ion Yields from Monodisperse Uranium Oxide Particles

February 24, 2016
Author(s)
Nicholas E. Sharp, John D. Fassett, David S. Simons
… ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) plays an important role in nuclear forensics through its ability to identify isotopic … particles on silicon wafers with O- and O2 , a sudden drop in U+ signal intensity was observed which was not present … primary ion species for particles on graphite. This drop in U+ signal intensity occurred simultaneously with an …
Displaying 5526 - 5550 of 13218
Was this page helpful?