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Displaying 28751 - 28775 of 74178

Calibration of Water Permeation Tubes

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Gregory E. Scace, W. Wyatt Miller
NIST provides traceability of permeation tube humidity generators to national humidity standards by measuring the water permeation rate of permeation tubes submitted for calibration. Permeation tubes undergoing calibration are installed into a specially

Calorimetric Analysis of Mutagenic Effects on Protein-Ligand Interactions

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Frederick P. Schwarz
Mutagenesis effects can be classified into direct where the mutation occurs at the site of the binding interaction on the protein and indirect where the mutation occurs at a site distal from the binding interaction site. The interaction between the Fv

Carrier-Envelope Phase of Ultrashort Pulses

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Steven T. Cundiff, F Krausz
The phase of the electromagnetic field has typically not been a quantity of physical meaning in optics because all I measurements are of intensity.Relative phases, for example between two arms of an interferometer, can readily be measured and controlled

Cellular DNA Biomarkers for the Safety of Tissue-Engineered Medical Products Using Artificial Skin as a Model

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
H Rodriguez, C D. O'Connell, Peter E. Barker, M. Dizdaroglu, Donald H. Atha, Pawel Jaruga, M Birincioglu, M A. Marino, P McAndrew
Fundamental to the safety of many tissue-engineered medical products is how cells respond to a given polymer when implanted into the body. Assurance of cellular stability during the manufacturing, storage and shipment of such products is crucial to achieve

Challenges of Paradigm Building for Solid-State Transformations

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
John W. Cahn
Our field, solid-sold phase transformations, grew out of ancient crafts with their own paradigms. The creation of new paradigms has been a slow process with many false starts. Much remains to be done. An examination of the successes and failures of the

Chapter I. Overview of Polymer Blends Characterization

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Charles C. Han
Characterization techniques for polymers have been discussed in literature. Normally these techniques are categorized in terms of mechanical testing methods, thermal analysis, electron and optical microscopy, nmr techniques, chromatographic methods

Characterization of Dendritically Branched Polymers by SANS, SAXS, and TEM

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Barry J. Bauer, Eric J. Amis
Small angle neutron scattering (SANS), small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been used to characterize the size, shape and interactions of dendrimers, hyperbranched, and dendrigraft polymers. Size in terms of

Characterization of Nanoporous Low-K Thin Films by SANS Contrast Variation

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
R C. Hedden, Hae-Jeong Lee, Barry J. Bauer
Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) contrast variation is applied to characterization of nanoporous low-dielectric constant (low-k) thin films. Films are exposed to saturated solvent vapor in air, whereby the pores fill with liquid by capillary

Characterization of the Alloy-Solution Interface

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
H J. Mueller
For metals undergoing corrosion, a layer of water molecules becomes charged due to electrons accumulating on the outer metal surface and hydrated positive ions in solution adjacent to the surface. The layer has properties of capacitance (C dl) and

Characterization of UV-Induced Radiation Damage to Si-based Photodiodes

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Keith R. Lykke, Ping-Shine Shaw, J L. Dehmer, R Gupta
We have made direct measurements of the internal quantum efficiency and the reflectivity of UV-damaged silicon photodiodes in the spectral range of 120 nm to 320 nm. The above qualities, coupled with absolute spectral responsivities, give unique

Charge and Spin Excitations in Double-Layer Manganites

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
D B. Romero, V B. Podobedov, A Weber, J.F. Mitchell, Y Moritomo, H D. Drew
Charge and spin dynamics in La 2-2xSr 1+2xMn 2O 7 (x=0.4,0.5) are probed by magneto-Raman spectroscopy. A competition between charge-order, antiferromagnetic superexchange and ferromagnetic double-exchange correlations characterize a regime of short-range

Charge Nucleation and Wear on Mica Surfaces

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
J Batteas
The area of nanotribology has advanced greatly in the past 17 years with the introduction of scanned probe microscopies for the characterization of surface properties. The ability to probe the details of structure, friction and adhesion on a local atomic

Charge, Spin, and Lattice Excitations in Double-Layer Manganites

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
D B. Romero, H D. Drew, J.F. Mitchell, Y Moritomo
A Raman-scattering investigation of the double-layer manganites, La 2-2rSr 1+2rMn 2O 7 (x= 0.4,0.5), revealed signatures of a ) charge stripe formation and melting, b)small polaron formation, and c) anisotropic quasiparticle dynamics in the ferromagnetic

Chemical Taxonomies and Semantic Web for AIDS Research- an over view

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Talapady N. Bhat
Chemical structures provide the basis for understanding and rationalizing drug discovery process fro Human diseases. The study of interactions of chemicals with target enzymes such as HIV- protease, an AIDS enzyme, is critical for optimizing drug-discovery

Chopped Radiation Measurement With Large Area Si Photodiodes

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
George P. Eppeldauer
Frequency dependent response characteristics of photocurrent meters using large area, radiometric quality Si photodiodes have been analyzed. The current responsivity, the voltage noise and drift amplicication, and the gain and bandwidth of the photocurrent

Chromatographic Separation of Single Wall Carbon Nanotubes

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Barry J. Bauer, Vardhan Bajpai, Jeffrey Fagan, Matthew Becker, Erik K. Hobbie
Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been used to separate single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT) dispersed by chemical modification in organic solvents and by DNA in aqueous solution. The chromatographic detection includes size sensitive detectors, multi

Ciao: Developing an Architecture for User Profile Management

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
K Broun
The Office of Information Services is responsible for NIST's research library and publications program. In the course of developing new electronic and print versions of one of those publications, the Technicalendar, we realized we had an opportunity to

Clementite's Elastic Constants

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Sudook A. Kim, H M. Ledbetter
By extrapolation, we estimated cementite's elastic constants. Altogether, we studied seven Fe-C binary alloys varying from 0 to 17.3 atomic percent carbon. Thus, we measured hypoeutectoid, near eutectoid, and hypereutectoid alloys. For cementite, we report
Displaying 28751 - 28775 of 74178