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The phase of the electromagnetic field has typically not been a quantity of physical meaning in optics because all I measurements are of intensity.Relative phases, for example between two arms of an interferometer, can readily be measured and controlled, but not the phase of a single field. Recently, there has been significant progress in measuring and controlling the phase of the electromagnetic field of ultrashort pulses by using the envelope of the pulse as a phase reference.
Citation
Carrier-Envelope Phase of Ultrashort Pulses
Publisher Info
Book Chapter Book chapter in Strong Field Laser Physics,
Cundiff, S.
and Krausz, F.
(2008),
Carrier-Envelope Phase of Ultrashort Pulses, Book Chapter Book chapter in Strong Field Laser Physics,
(Accessed October 14, 2025)