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Metrology

Electrical / electromagnetic metrology

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Displaying 151 - 175 of 458

Direct comparison of a Pulse-driven Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer and a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard at 1 Volt

July 9, 2016
Author(s)
Alain Rufenacht, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Anna Fox, Charles J. Burroughs, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel P. Benz
We have performed direct ac comparisons between two types of quantum voltage standards, a pulse- driven Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer and a programmable Josephson voltage standard, at 1 V rms amplitude and a frequency of 100 Hz. The system

Josephson-Based Full Digital Bridge for High-Accuracy Impedance Comparisons

July 9, 2016
Author(s)
Frederic Overney, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Blaise Jeanneret, Alain Rufenacht, Anna Fox, Jason Underwood, Andrew D. Koffman, Samuel P. Benz
This paper describes a Josephson-based impedance bridge capable of comparing any types of impedance over a large bandwidth. The heart of the bridge is a dual AC Josephson Voltage Standards (ACJVS) source which offers unprecedented flexibility in high

Simultaneous Double Waveform Synthesis with a Single Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard

July 9, 2016
Author(s)
Alain Rufenacht, Anna Fox, Paul Dresselhaus, Charles J. Burroughs, Samuel P. Benz, Bryan C. Waltrip, Thomas L. Nelson
We have recently demonstrated new 2 V PJVS devices configured with two voltage outputs and two sets of least significant bits in order to simultaneously generate two independent stepwise output waveforms. This development improves upon our previous

Josephson-Based Full Digital Bridge for High-Accuracy Impedance Comparisons

June 24, 2016
Author(s)
Frederic Overney, Nathan Flowers-Jacobs, Blaise Jeanneret, Alain Rufenacht, Anna Fox, Jason Underwood, Andrew D. Koffman, Samuel P. Benz
This paper describes a Josephson-based full digital impedance bridge capable of comparing any two impedances, regardless of type (R-C, R-L, or L-C), over a large frequency range. At the heart of the bridge are two Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer

Edge-state Transport in Graphene p-n Junctions in the Quantum Hall Regime

December 7, 2015
Author(s)
Nikolai Klimov, Son T. Le, Jun Yan, Pratik Agnihotri, Everett Comfort, Ji Ung Lee, David B. Newell, Curt A. Richter
We experimentally investigate charge carrier transport in a graphene p-n junction device by using independent p-type and n-type electrostatic gating which allow full characterization of the junction interface in the quantum Hall regime covering a wide

Quantized Hall resistance in large-scale monolayer graphene

November 28, 2015
Author(s)
Yanfei Yang, Chiashain Chuang, Chieh W. Liu, Randolph Elmquist
Abstract: Graphene is an atomic-thickness carbon lattice that can be exfoliated from solid graphite or grown using high temperature processing methods on a variety of substrates. Many practical applications of large-area graphene, however, are limited by

First measurements of the flux integral with the new NIST-4 watt balance

March 31, 2015
Author(s)
Darine El Haddad, Frank Seifert, Leon Chao, Yusi A. Cao, Georgio A. Sineriz, Jon R. Pratt, David B. Newell, Stephan Schlamminger
In early 2014, construction of a new watt balance, named NIST-4, has started at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In a watt balance, similar to a mass comparator, the gravitational force of an unknown mass is compensated by an

Cryocooled 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard

December 11, 2014
Author(s)
Alain Rufenacht, Logan A. Howe, Anna Fox, Robert E. Schwall, Paul Dresselhaus, Charles J. Burroughs, Samuel Benz
Implementation of programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) circuits on cryocooler at 4 K is a challenge. The limited cooling power of the cryocoolers has to balance the heat dissipated by the PJVS circuit in order to maintain a stable temperature

NIST 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard System Using a Low Capacity Cryocooler

November 6, 2014
Author(s)
Logan A. Howe, Anna Fox, Alain Rufenacht, Charles J. Burroughs, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz, Robert E. Schwall
Rising costs of and difficulty in obtaining liquid helium in many areas of the world provides strong motivation for cryogen-free operation of superconducting devices such as NIST Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) systems. However, operation on

Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant with Noise Thermometry at NIM

August 24, 2014
Author(s)
Jifeng Qu, Kunli Zhou, Horst Rogalla, Samuel Benz, Yunfeng Fu
Since 2010 we have been developing a quantum-voltage-calibrated Johnson noise thermometer at NIM to measure the Boltzmann constant k. With recent improvements in grounding and shielding of the electronics, and matching of the noise sources and transmission

Construction of a watt balance with the aim to realize the kilogram at the National Institute of Standards and Technology

August 1, 2014
Author(s)
Darine El Haddad, Leon Chao, Frank Seifert, David B. Newell, Jon R. Pratt, Stephan Schlamminger
A redefinition of the International System of Units, the SI, is impending and could occur as early as 2017. After redefinition a means to realize the unit of mass is required. A watt balance is a promising device to realize the unit of mass at the kilogram

Development of Low Carrier Density Graphene Devices

August 1, 2014
Author(s)
Yanfei Yang, Lung-I Huang, David B. Newell, Yasuhiro Fukuyama, Mariano A. Real, Randolph Elmquist
Epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) is used to fabricate Hall bar structures for metrological applications with a fabrication process that has been developed to eliminate organic chemical contamination of the graphene. Before any lithographic patterning a

A nonlinearity in permanent-magnet systems used in watt balances

June 25, 2014
Author(s)
Shisong Li, Stephan Schlamminger, Jon R. Pratt
In watt balances that employ permanent magnet systems to generate the magnetic flux the effects of the weighing current on the magnet systems can generate a systematic bias that can lead to an error in the result if not accounted for. In this article a

Low carrier density epitaxial graphene devices on SiC

June 1, 2014
Author(s)
Yanfei Yang, Lung-I Huang, Yasuhiro Fukuyama, Fan-Hung Liu, Mariano Real, Paola Barbara, Chi-Te Liang, David B. Newell, Randolph Elmquist
Monolayer epitaxial graphene grown on a hexagonal silicon carbide (SiC) substrate is typically found to be heavily n-doped (10e13 cm-2) and in most devices made with the as-grown epitaxial graphene the quantized Hall resistance plateau with Landau level

International Comparison of Ku-band Standard Gain Horn Characterization

April 5, 2014
Author(s)
Jeffrey R. Guerrieri
International comparison of antenna measurement results between national measurement laboratories supports interoperability of communication equipment in today's world market. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is the pilot National

Development of a Quantum-Voltage-Calibrated Noise Thermometer at NIM

September 11, 2013
Author(s)
Jifeng Qu, Samuel Benz, Jianqiang Zhang, Horst Rogalla, Yang Fu, Alessio Pollarolo, Jintao Zhang
A quantum-voltage-calibrated Johnson-noise thermometer was developed at NIM, which measures the Boltzmann constant k through comparing the thermal noise across a 100  sense resistor at the temperature of the triple point water to the comb-like voltage

Johnson-noise thermometry based on a quantized-voltage noise source at NIST

September 11, 2013
Author(s)
Alessio Pollarolo, Tae H. Jeong, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus, Horst Rogalla, Weston L. Tew
Johnson Noise Thermometry is an electronic approach to measuring temperature. For several years, NIST has been developing a switching-correlator-type Johnson-noise thermometer that uses a quantized voltage noise source as an accurate voltage reference

Direct Comparison of two NIST PJVS systems at 10 V

August 27, 2013
Author(s)
Stephane Solve, Alain Rufenacht, Charles J. Burroughs, Samuel Benz
Two NIST Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) systems have been directly compared at 10V using different nanovoltmeters at the temperature of the laboratory. These PJVS systems use arrays double-stacked superconducting-niobium Josephson junctions

Flat Frequency Response in the Electronic Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant

June 1, 2013
Author(s)
Jifeng Qu, Horst Rogalla, Yang Fu, Jianqiang Zhang, Alessio Pollarolo, Samuel Benz
A new quantum voltage calibrated Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) was developed at NIM to demonstrate the electrical approach that determines the Boltzmann constant k by comparing electrical and thermal noise power. A measurement with an integration period
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