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Metrology

Electrical / electromagnetic metrology

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Displaying 176 - 200 of 470

Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant with Noise Thermometry at NIM

August 24, 2014
Author(s)
Jifeng Qu, Kunli Zhou, Horst Rogalla, Samuel Benz, Yunfeng Fu
Since 2010 we have been developing a quantum-voltage-calibrated Johnson noise thermometer at NIM to measure the Boltzmann constant k. With recent improvements in grounding and shielding of the electronics, and matching of the noise sources and transmission

Construction of a watt balance with the aim to realize the kilogram at the National Institute of Standards and Technology

August 1, 2014
Author(s)
Darine El Haddad, Leon Chao, Frank Seifert, David B. Newell, Jon R. Pratt, Stephan Schlamminger
A redefinition of the International System of Units, the SI, is impending and could occur as early as 2017. After redefinition a means to realize the unit of mass is required. A watt balance is a promising device to realize the unit of mass at the kilogram

Development of Low Carrier Density Graphene Devices

August 1, 2014
Author(s)
Yanfei Yang, Lung-I Huang, David B. Newell, Yasuhiro Fukuyama, Mariano A. Real, Randolph Elmquist
Epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001) is used to fabricate Hall bar structures for metrological applications with a fabrication process that has been developed to eliminate organic chemical contamination of the graphene. Before any lithographic patterning a

A nonlinearity in permanent-magnet systems used in watt balances

June 25, 2014
Author(s)
Shisong Li, Stephan Schlamminger, Jon R. Pratt
In watt balances that employ permanent magnet systems to generate the magnetic flux the effects of the weighing current on the magnet systems can generate a systematic bias that can lead to an error in the result if not accounted for. In this article a

Low carrier density epitaxial graphene devices on SiC

June 1, 2014
Author(s)
Yanfei Yang, Lung-I Huang, Yasuhiro Fukuyama, Fan-Hung Liu, Mariano Real, Paola Barbara, Chi-Te Liang, David B. Newell, Randolph Elmquist
Monolayer epitaxial graphene grown on a hexagonal silicon carbide (SiC) substrate is typically found to be heavily n-doped (10e13 cm-2) and in most devices made with the as-grown epitaxial graphene the quantized Hall resistance plateau with Landau level

International Comparison of Ku-band Standard Gain Horn Characterization

April 5, 2014
Author(s)
Jeffrey R. Guerrieri
International comparison of antenna measurement results between national measurement laboratories supports interoperability of communication equipment in today's world market. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is the pilot National

Development of a Quantum-Voltage-Calibrated Noise Thermometer at NIM

September 11, 2013
Author(s)
Jifeng Qu, Samuel Benz, Jianqiang Zhang, Horst Rogalla, Yang Fu, Alessio Pollarolo, Jintao Zhang
A quantum-voltage-calibrated Johnson-noise thermometer was developed at NIM, which measures the Boltzmann constant k through comparing the thermal noise across a 100  sense resistor at the temperature of the triple point water to the comb-like voltage

Johnson-noise thermometry based on a quantized-voltage noise source at NIST

September 11, 2013
Author(s)
Alessio Pollarolo, Tae H. Jeong, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus, Horst Rogalla, Weston L. Tew
Johnson Noise Thermometry is an electronic approach to measuring temperature. For several years, NIST has been developing a switching-correlator-type Johnson-noise thermometer that uses a quantized voltage noise source as an accurate voltage reference

Direct Comparison of two NIST PJVS systems at 10 V

August 27, 2013
Author(s)
Stephane Solve, Alain Rufenacht, Charles J. Burroughs, Samuel Benz
Two NIST Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) systems have been directly compared at 10V using different nanovoltmeters at the temperature of the laboratory. These PJVS systems use arrays double-stacked superconducting-niobium Josephson junctions

Flat Frequency Response in the Electronic Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant

June 1, 2013
Author(s)
Jifeng Qu, Horst Rogalla, Yang Fu, Jianqiang Zhang, Alessio Pollarolo, Samuel Benz
A new quantum voltage calibrated Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) was developed at NIM to demonstrate the electrical approach that determines the Boltzmann constant k by comparing electrical and thermal noise power. A measurement with an integration period

Method for Ensuring Accurate AC Waveforms with Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards

June 1, 2013
Author(s)
Charles J. Burroughs, Alain Rufenacht, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus
The amplitudes of stepwise-approximated sine waves generated by programmable Josephson voltage standards (PJVS) are not intrinsically accurate because the transitions between the quantized voltages depend on numerous conditions. We have developed a method

An International Intercomparison of Quantum-Based AC Voltage Standards

October 1, 2012
Author(s)
Thomas E. Lipe Jr., Piotr S. Filipski, Joseph R. Kinard Jr., Yi-hua D. Tang
We report the results of a comparison of quantum-based AC Josephson Voltage Standards (ACJVS) between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the National Research Council, Canada (NRC), using a thermal transfer standard as the

A Digital-to-Analog Converter with a Voltage Standard Reference

July 1, 2012
Author(s)
Alain Rufenacht, Charles J. Burroughs, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus
Commercially available 20-bit digital to analog converters (DACs) have the potential to impact the field of low frequency voltage metrology. We measured a linearity of ±6 µV (±0.6 µV/V full scale) over the 10 V range for such a DAC with a Zener voltage

Flat frequency response in the electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant

July 1, 2012
Author(s)
Jifeng Qu, Samuel Benz, Yang Fu, Jianqiang Zhang, Horst Rogalla, Alessio Pollarolo
A new quantum voltage calibrated Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) was developed at NIM to demonstrate the electrical approach that determines the Boltzmann constant k by comparing electrical and thermal noise power. A measurement with integration period of

Improved performance of the ECCS experiment at PTB

July 1, 2012
Author(s)
Hansjoerg Scherer, Benedetta Camarota, Mark W. Keller, Sergey Lotkhov
Recent improvements on the ECCS experiment at PTB are reported. A 5-junction single-electron R-pump is shown to shuttle electrons with a relative transfer error of 5×10 -8. Moreover, the relative uncertainty of the setup for the cryogenic capacitor voltage

Graphene: Plane and Simple Electrical Metrology?

December 7, 2011
Author(s)
Randolph Elmquist, Felipe Hernandez-Marquez, Mariano Real, Tian T. Shen, David Newell, Colin J. Jacob, George R. Jones Jr.
The development of large-area graphene has direct application to electrical standards including the quantized Hall resistance because of unique characteristics not found in conventional devices. These include symmetrical conduction by electrons and holes

Electron Counting Capacitance Standard with an improved five-junction R-pump

November 7, 2011
Author(s)
Benedetta Camarota, Hansjoerg Scherer, Sergey Lotkhov, Gerd-Dietmar Willenberg, Franz Josef Ahlers, Mark W. Keller
The Electron Counting Capacitance Standard currently pursued at PTB, aims at the closure of the Quantum Metrological Triangle with a final precision of a few parts in 10 7. This paper reports the considerable progress recently achieved with a new

Design of the NIST 10V programmable Josephson voltage standard system

January 13, 2011
Author(s)
Charles J. Burroughs, Paul Dresselhaus, Alain Rufenacht, David I. Olaya, Mike Elsbury, Yi-hua D. Tang, Samuel Benz
NIST has developed and implemented a new Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) that operates at 10 V. This next-generation system is optimized for both dc metrology and stepwise-approximated ac voltage measurements for frequencies up to a few

Reduced Nonlinearity Effect on the Electronic Measurement of the Boltzmann Constant

January 10, 2011
Author(s)
Jifeng Qu, Samuel Benz, Alessio Pollarolo, Horst Rogalla
NIST has developed a quantum voltage noise source (QVNS) calibrated Johnson noise thermometer (JNT) to provide a new electronic measurement technique for determining the Boltzmann constant. Improvements in electronics and synthesized noise waveforms have

Development of a Four-channel System for Johnson Noise Thermometry

December 30, 2010
Author(s)
Alessio Pollarolo, Chiharu Urano, Paul Dresselhaus, Jifeng Qu, Horst Rogalla, Samuel Benz
Long integration time is necessary to reach low uncertainty when measuring temperature through Johnson Noise Thermometry (JNT). The main goal of the NIST JNT experiment is to achieve a 6×10-6 relative uncertainty in the measurement of the water triple
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