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Programmers routinely omit run-time safety checks from applications because they assume that these safety checks would degrade performance. The simplest example is the use of arrays or array-like data structures that do not enforce the constraint that
Susan M. Ballou, Michael Garris, Anthony Clay, Joi Dickerson, Peter T. Higgins, Lisa Jackson, Joe Morrissey, Beth Owens, Joe Polski, Janet Hoin, Leo Norton, Melissa Taylor
This is one of a series of documents prepared by the Latent Print Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) Interoperability Working Group. The purpose of these documents is to provide guidance and a framework to those involved in the
Theodore D. Doiron, Wei Ren, Eric S. Stanfield, Balasubramanian Muralikrishnan, Christopher J. Blackburn
The capabilities of non-contact laser spot triangulation sensors for high accuracy measurements have slowly increased over the past decade, and now have usable resolution below 0.1 µm. The Dimensional Metrology Group has developed a simple scanning system
Darwin R. Reyes-Hernandez, Michael W. Halter, Jeeseong Hwang
New metrology tools to measure the critical parameters of internal structures in lab on a chip devices are greatly needed in order to develop standard tests for this technology. Here we present a method that combines a custom made optical coherence
Optical probing technology on coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) operates significantly differently from discrete point probing associated with tactile probing CMMs hence manufacturers of this technology seek to use different testing artifacts for
De-Hao D. Tsai, Tae Joon Cho, Sherrie R. Elzey, Julien C. Gigault, Vincent A. Hackley
We report a high-resolution and traceable method to quantify the drug loading on nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics, and demonstrate this method using a model cisplatin functionalized dendron-gold nanoparticle (AuNP) conjugate. Electrospray
As the National Metrology Institute (NMI) for the United States, NIST, formerly the National Bureau of Standards, has provided measurement services, both calibrations and reference materials, for more than 100 years. Through these services, our customers
Roger V. Bostelman, Richard J. Norcross, Joseph A. Falco, Jeremy A. Marvel
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has been researching human-robot/vehicle collaborative environments for automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and manned forklifts. Safety of AGVs and manned vehicles with automated functions (e.g
Dazhen Gu, James P. Randa, Robert L. Billinger, Dave K. Walker
We report a record low noise temperature (NT) measured on a cryogenic low-noise amplifier (LNA) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The LNA exhibits about 44 dB gain and less than 2 K average NT in its operational band
Ravikiran Attota, Haesung Park, Victor H. Vartanian, Ndubuisi G. Orji, Richard A. Allen
Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) transforms conventional optical microscopes into truly 3D metrology tools for nanoscale- to- microscale dimensional analysis with nanometer-scale sensitivity. Although not a resolution enhancement method
In-line metrologies currently used in the semiconductor industry are being challenged by the aggressive pace of device scaling and the adoption of novel device architectures. In defect inspection, conventional bright field techniques will not likely be
Gar W. Truong, Kevin O. Douglass, Stephen E. Maxwell, Roger D. van Zee, David F. Plusquellic, Joseph T. Hodges, David A. Long
Challenging applications in trace gas analyses require high precision and acquisition rates.1-4 Many continuous-wave laser spectroscopy techniques exhibit significant sensitivity and potential;5 however, their scanning rates are slow because they rely upon
Susan M. Ballou, Michael Garris, Anthony Clay, Joi Dickerson, Peter T. Higgins, Janet Hoin, Lisa Jackson, Mike Lesko, Joe Morrissey, Leo Norton, Beth Owens, Joe Polski, Melissa Taylor
This is one of a series of documents prepared by the Latent Print Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) Interoperability Working Group. The purpose of these documents is to provide guidance and a framework to those involved in the
In this report we discuss different types of potential ground-truth systems that could be used to test part identification systems for manufacturing assembly applications. We discuss four main ways of acquiring ground truth for evaluating part recognition
Susan M. Ballou, Margaret C. Kline, Mark D. Stolorow, Melissa Taylor, Shannan Williams, Phylis S. Bamberger, Burney Yvette, Larry Brown, Cynthia E. Jones, Ralph Keaton, William Kiley, Karen Thiessen, Gerry LaPorte, Joseph Latta, Linda E. Ledray, Randy Nagy, Linda Schwind, Stephanie Stoiloff, Brian Ostrom
The report of the Technical Working Group on Biological Evidence Preservation offers guidance for individuals involved in the collection, examination, tracking, packaging, storing, and disposition of biological evidence. This may include crime scene
Mark B. Campanelli, Raghu N. Kacker, RUEDIGER KESSEL
A novel variance-based measure for global sensitivity analysis, termed a total sensitivity gradient~(TSG), is presented for constructing uncertainty budgets under the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty~(GUM) framework for nonlinear measurement
The widespread existence of slow crack growth in most glasses and ceramics due to a stress-enhanced reaction between an external environment and strained bonds at a crack tip greatly complicates the challenge of assuring the reliability of components which
Brian A. Weiss, John A. Horst, Frederick M. Proctor
Successful operations within manufacturing environments require both accurate and precise information flow from one operation to the next. Incorrect, too little, or too much information can slow the manufacturing process and/or result in poor quality
We describe general methods of estimating uncertainties in antenna measurements. These include estimates based on theory (analysis1), simulation, and altering the measurement system (self-coparison tests). The important component sources of uncertainty in
David R. Novotny, Josh Gordon, Jason Coder, Michael Francis, Jeffrey R. Guerrieri
The Antenna Metrology Laboratory at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA (NIST) is developing a robotically controlled near-field pattern range for measuring antennas and components from 50 GHz to 500 GHz. This new range is intended to
An article written for the measurement community on whether [field] standards are fit for purpose. Is the equipment used is in testing designed for the purpose in which it is being used. The concept of fit for purpose is common in method validation
The path expansion model used by feff considers the EXAFS spectrum as the sum of contributions from scattering geometries of two or more atoms in a cluster surrounding the absorbing atom. This model and its representation as a collection of les is the
A metric is proposed that evaluates speed and separation monitoring efficacy in industrial robot environments in terms of the quantification of safety and the effects on productivity. The collision potential is rep-resented by separation metrics and sensor
In this report we discuss different types of ground-truth systems used for evaluation of object recognition and tracking systems in industrial manufacturing environments. We discuss three main ways for acquiring ground truth for object recognition and