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This work documents the first part of a two-part study about the application of nano-tips to critical dimension (CD) scanning electron microscopes used in integrated circuit production. Nano-tips, by comparison to all conventional cold, thermally assisted
A Kalukin, B Winn, Yong Wang, C Jacobsen, Z Levine, Joseph Fu
For two-dimensional x-ray imaging of thin films, the technique of scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) has achieved images with feature sizes as small as 40 nm in recent years. However, calibration of three-dimensional tomographic images that are
Jun-Feng Song, Theodore V. Vorburger, Alim A. Fatah
In April 1998, two prototype standard bullets were developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). In October 1999, prototype standard casings were also developed at NIST. The standard bullets and casings are intended for use in
To enable nationwide and worldwide ballistics measurement traceability and unification, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed standard bullets and casings. This report details the creation and testing of these prototypes which
Since 1984 the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has been working on the development of a comprehensive standard for the electronic exchange of product data between computer-based product life-cycle systems. Initial concentration has
Tunneling transistors designed with a lateral tunnel barrier between source and drain electrodes have attracted much attention recently as an approach to silicon-compatible nanoelectronics (1). In order to realize this device, the lateral tunneling barrier
Tunneling transistors designed with a lateral tunnel barrier between source and drain electrodes have attracted much attention recently as an approach to silicon-compatible nanoelectronics. In order to realize this device, the lateral tunneling barrier
Theodore V. Vorburger, Jun-Feng Song, Joseph Fu, M Tundermann, Thomas Brian Renegar, Theodore D. Doiron, N G. Orji
Decreasing sizes and tolerances of engineering components bring a demand for decreasing uncertainty in the dimensional measurements of these parts. Hence there is increasing need for measuring machines capable of performing dimensional and geometrical
The influences of form errors on hardness performance of Rockwell diamond indenter are discussed. Experimental results are introduced. The Finite Element Analysis (FEA) method is used to simulate the hardness measurement process. The effect of tip radii
A Deleporte, J Allgair, C Archie, G Banke, Michael T. Postek, J Schlesinger, Andras Vladar, A Yanof
The Advanced Metrology Advisory Group (AMAG) comprised of representatives from International SEMATECH consortium member companies and the National Institute of Standards and Technology have joined to develop a new unified specification for an advanced
Walter S. Liggett Jr, Samuel Low, David J. Pitchure, Jun-Feng Song
A measurement system is capable if it produces measurements with uncertainties small enough for demonstration of compliance with product specifications. To establish the capability of a system for Rockwell C scale hardness, one must assess measurement
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) standard bullets and casings are intended as reference standards for crime laboratories to help verify that the computerized optical-imaging equipment in those laboratories is operating properly
This paper provides an overview of the Express-X language, a language that provides structural information mapping of information modeled in EXPRESS schema. The paper presents the design rationale for Express-X. The paper also serves as a tutorial in
A Deleporte, J Allgair, C Archie, G Banke, Michael T. Postek, J Schlesinger, Andras Vladar, A Yanof
The Advanced Metrology Advisory Group (AMAG) comprised of representatives from International SEMATECH consortium member companies and the National Institute of Standards and Technology have joined to develop a new unified specification for an advanced
Ronald G. Dixson, R Koning, Joseph Fu, Theodore V. Vorburger, Thomas B. Renegar
Atomic force microscopes (AFMs) generate three dimensional images with nanometer level resolution and, consequently, are used in the semiconductor industry as tools for sub-micrometer dimensional metrology. Measurements commonly performed with AFMs are
Machine controllers built from standardized software parts, commonly referred to as components or modules, have the greatest potential to reap open architecture benefits - including plug-and-play, reusability and extensibility. Modularity is the key to
Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar, John S. Villarrubia
Metrology will remain a pricipal enabler for the development and manufacture of future generations of semiconductor devices. With the potential of 130 nm and 100 nm linewidths and high aspect ratio structures, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) remains
Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar, John S. Villarrubia
Metrology will remain a principal enabler for the development and manufacture of future generations of semiconductor devices. With the potential of 130 and l00-nanometer linewidths and high aspect ratio structures, the scanning electron microscope (SEM)
John S. Villarrubia, Andras Vladar, J R. Lowney, Michael T. Postek, Richard A. Allen, Michael W. Cresswell, Rathindra Ghoshtagore
The effect of the instrument on the measurement must be known in order to generate an accurate linewidth measurement. Although instrument models exist for a variety of techniques, how does one assess the accuracy of these models? Intercomparisons between
Michael T. Postek, Andras Vladar, Nien F. Zhang, Robert D. Larrabee
Fully automated scanning electron microscopes (SEM) are now commonly used in semiconductor production and other forms of manufacturing. Testing and proving that the instrument is performing at a satisfactory level of sharpness is an important aspect of
The role of process simulation in microlithography is becoming an increasingly important part of process control as wafer feature sizes become smaller than the exposure wavelength, because the pattern transfer from photomask to wafer is nonlinear. An
The modern definition of traceability intimately links the concepts of calibration (i.e., connection to the SI unit) and measurement uncertainty. In a typical coordinate measuring machine (CMM) measurement problem the measurement under consideration bears
This paper describes the National Advanced Manufacturing Testbed (NAMT) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The NAMT is a distributed testbed enabling collaborative research between scientists and engineers at NIST, remote
John S. Villarrubia, Andras Vladar, J R. Lowney, Samuel N. Jones, Michael T. Postek
Width measurements pose a particularly problematic calibration problem. The measurement entails determining the distance between inherently dissimilar edges. Even in the simplest imaginable case, an ideal line of rectangular cross section, the left and