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Fire

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Displaying 2576 - 2600 of 3902

Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator: Design, Operation, and Performance (NIST SP 965)

February 1, 2001
Author(s)
Thomas G. Cleary, Michelle K. Donnelly, William L. Grosshandler
This paper describes the fire emulator/detector evaluator which was developed by NIST. The FE/DE has proven to be a very flexible design. The main function of the device is to reproduce the environment (temperature, air velocity, aerosol and gas species

How Interoperability Saves Money

February 1, 2001
Author(s)
Robert E. Chapman
The pressures of competing in the global marketplace are forcing building control companies, equipment and systems manufacturers, energy providers, utiliites, and design engineers to improve performance and reduce costs. One means of meeting this twin

Nanomechanical Characterization of Polymers Using Scanning Probe Microscopes

February 1, 2001
Author(s)
Mark R. VanLandingham
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has been used to study polymeric materials with nanometer spatial resolution. Indentation methods based on SPM technology include the use of cantilever probes with an atomic force microscope (AFM), depth-sensing transducers

Sensor-Driven Fire Model (NIST SP 965)

February 1, 2001
Author(s)
William D. Davis, Glenn P. Forney
Modern building fire sensors are capable of supplying substantially more information to the fire service than just the simple detection of a possible fire. With the increase in the number of sensors installed in buildings for non-fire purposes, it is

Size Distribution and Light Scattering Properties of Test Smokes (NIST SP 965)

February 1, 2001
Author(s)
D W. Weinert, Thomas Cleary, George W. Mulholland
Measurements of particles size distributions and optical properties of smoke detector test smokes may yield a better understanding of existing detector designs and facilitate design improvements; NIST is making such measurements now on smokes produced in

The Influence of Mineral Admixtures on the Rheology of Cement Paste and Concrete

February 1, 2001
Author(s)
Chiara F. Ferraris, K H. Obla, R Hill
Rheological tests on cement paste were used to successfully select the type and dosage of mineral admixtures that improved concrete workability. Among the six different mineral admixtures tested, the ultra fine fly ash (UFFA), was determined to give the

Recent Advances in Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites

January 22, 2001
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Takashi Kashiwagi, A B. Morgan, Richard H. Harris Jr., L D. Brassell, W H. Awad, Rick D. Davis, L Chyall, T E. Sutto, Paul C. Trulove, H DeLong
A new approach to address the ever increasing demand for higher performance flame retarded products has recently focused on use of mica-type clays nano-dispersed in commodity polymers. These "nanocomposites" exhibit the unusual combination of reduced

Toxic Yield

January 7, 2001
Author(s)
William M. Pitts
It is generally recognized that the vast majority of deaths associated with accidental enclosure fires are due to smoke inhalation. Older reviews of autopsy results suggested that the fraction was on the order of 2/3. In the United States there is evidence

An Analysis of Combined CFD and Multizone IAQ Model Assembly Issues

January 1, 2001
Author(s)
Amy Musser
This study considers the situation of two isothermal rooms linked to one another via an opening of varying size. Air and a neutrally buoyant contaminant are transferred through the opening in an essentially one way flow situation, driven by forced

An Expert Rule Set For Fault Detection In Air-Handling Units

January 1, 2001
Author(s)
J House, H Vaezi-Nejad
This paper presents an expert rule set for air-handling units (AHUs) and examines the performance of the rule set using simulation and field data. APAR (air-handling unit performance assessment rules), the software implementation of the rule set, is first

Apparatus for Screening Fire Suppression Efficiency of Dispersed Liquid Agents.

January 1, 2001
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Michelle K. Donnelly, N C. Prive, William L. Grosshandler
This paper is an abridged version of NISTIR 6319. The design, construction, demonstration, and operation of a bench-scale device capable of screening the fire suppression efficiency of liquid agents are described in detail in this report. The apparatus is

Cold Discharge of CF3I in a Simulated Aircraft Engine Nacelle

January 1, 2001
Author(s)
Jiann C. Yang, Marc R. Nyden, Samuel L. Manzello
One of the potential candidates for halon 1301 replacement in aircraft engine nacelle and dry bay fire protection applications and fuel tank ullage inerting is trifluoroiodomethane (CF3I). Before CF3I can be considered as a potential drop-in replacement

Elastic Moduli of Model Random Three-Dimensional Closed-Cell Cellular Solids

January 1, 2001
Author(s)
A P. Roberts, Edward Garboczi
Most cellular solids are random materials, while practically all theoretical results are for periodic models. To be able to generate theoretical results for random models, the finite element method (FEM) was used to study the elastic properties of solids

Input Data for Multizone Airflow and IAQ Analysis

January 1, 2001
Author(s)
Andrew K. Persily, E M. Ivy
The use of multizone airflow and contaminant dispersal models requires a range of data. In terms of airflow analysis, these data include leakage characteristics of airflow elements, wind pressure coefficients, ventilation system characteristics such as

Measurement Considerations for the Determination of Central Plant Efficiency

January 1, 2001
Author(s)
Stephen J. Treado, Todd W. Snouffer
Concerns about maintaining optimum operating conditions for central plants in order to minimize energy usage and cost have highlighted the need for accurate measruements of electrical power, fluid flow and temperature chillers and boilers. In particular
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