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Bioscience

Biomaterials

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Displaying 1126 - 1150 of 1728

Development of ASTM C 1421-99 Standard Test Methods for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics

October 23, 2003

Author(s)

I Bar-On, George D. Quinn, J A. Salem, M J. Jenkins

ASTM C1421, Standard Test Methods for Determination of Fracture Toughness of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient temperature, is a high-quality, technically rigorous, full-concensus standard that may have finally answered the question, What is the 'real' fracture

Effects of Surface Feature Dimensions on Particle Dimensions and Aspect Ratio for a Surface Texture Controlled UHMWPE Particle Generation Process

October 4, 2003

Author(s)

H. W. Fang, Stephen M. Hsu, J V. Sengers

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles in human replacement joints have been identified ified to cause humimmuno-responses that eventually lead to osteolysis and bone resorption. To clarify the relationship between wear particle

Interfacial Reactions in LTTC Materials

October 1, 2003

Author(s)

Lawrence P. Cook, Winnie K. Wong-Ng, J Suh

Rapid Structural and Chemical Characterization of Ternary Phase Diagrams Using Synchrotron Radiation

October 1, 2003

Author(s)

Eliot D. Specht, A Rar, George M. Pharr, E P. George, P Zschack, H Hong, J Ilavsky

The complete ternary Cr-Fe-Ni system is grown on A12O3(0001) substrates by sequential deposition of layers of graded thickness followed by annealing to interdiffuse the elements. The phase diagram is measured at a resolution of 3 atomic % in 2 h at a

Surface Oxidation Kinetics of SiC Powders in Wet and Dry Air Studied by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Bremsstrahlung-Excited Auger Electron Spectroscopy

October 1, 2003

Author(s)

T N. Wittberg, P S. Wang, Stephen M. Hsu

Silicon carbide powder samples were heated at temperatures between 600 C and 850 C in wet and dry air to investigate the effect of moisture on the oxidation kinetics. Equations were derived to calculate the surface oxide thickness from both the Si 2p XPS

A1-L1 0 Phase Boundaries and Anisotropy Via Multiple-Order-Parameter Theory for an FCC Alloy

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

G B. Tanoglu, Richard J. Braun, John W. Cahn, Geoffrey B. McFadden

The dependence of thermodynamic properties of planar interphase boundaries (IPBs) and antiphase boundaries (APBs) in a binary alloy on an FCC lattice is studied as a function of the orientation of their normal with respect to the underlying lattice. Using

Abrasive Machining of Porcelain and Zirconia With a Dental Handpiece

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

L Yin, S Jahanmir, L K. Ives

The machining characteristics and material removal mechanisms of two dental ceramics feldspathic porcelain and yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia - were investigated using a dental handpiece and diamond burs with different grit sizes. The material

Fabricating Two-Dimensional Molecular Gradients Via Asymmetric Deformation of Uniformly-Coated Elastomer Sheets

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

Jan Genzer, Daniel A. Fischer, K Efimenko

Tuning the surface characteristics of materials has become of paramount interest in many fields of science and technology. While most applications involve surfaces that are chemically homogeneous, in other instances, surfaces are needed that comprise two

High-Throughput Measurements of Polymer Adhesion and Mechanical Properties

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

Christopher Stafford, Aaron M. Forster, C Harrison, Cher H. Davis, Eric J. Amis, Alamgir Karim

Polymer adhesion is important to numerous technologies including electronic packaging, coatings and paints, biomedical implants, and pressure-sensitive adhesives. The challenge is to understand the fundamental driving forces for the development of adhesive

Influence of Roughness on Wear Transition in Glass-Infiltrated Alumina

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

Sergei Kalinin, S Jahanmir

The wear behavior of glass-infiltrated alumina was evaluated in sliding against a high purity alumina in water using a pin on disk tribometer. Three disk surface roughness values were used, i.e., 14 nm, 146 nm and 649 nm Ra. The wear rate of both the

Measurement/Calibration Technique for Nanometer Scale Average Film Thickness on Atomically Rough Surfaces Developed

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

Richard S. Gates, Stephen M. Hsu

Current magnetic hard disks are protected by ananometer-thick layer of alcohol functionalized perfluoroakyletherand carbon overcoat. Achievement ofhigher areal density requires further reduction in thespace between the head and the magnetic layer athigher

Structural Relations Between Weberite and Zirconolite Polytypes-Refinements of Doped 3T and 4M Ca 2 Ta 2 O 7 and 3T CaZrTi 2 O 7

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

I E. Grey, W G. Mumme, T J. Ness, Robert S. Roth, K L. Smith

New weberite-type Ca2Ta2O7 and zirconolite-type CaZrTi2O7 polytypes have been prepared by doping with Nd/Zr and Th/Alrespectively and their structures have been refined using single crystal X-ray diffraction intensity data. The 3T zirconolitepolytype, CaO

Thermal Degradation of Marble: Indications From Finite-Element Modelling

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

T Weiss, S Siegesmund, Lin-Sien H. Lum

Microstructure-based finite element simulations were used to study theThermo-mechanical behavior of calcite marbles. Give the same microstructure, a strongly textured marble had smaller elastic strain energy and a distinct directional dependence of thermal

Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Wear Particle Effects on Bioactivity

September 1, 2003

Author(s)

H. W. Fang, Stephen M. Hsu, J V. Sengers

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) wear particles have been recognized as one of the major causes of aseptic loosening in total joint replacements. Macrophage phagocytosis of wear particles induces human biological/physiological responses

Machining Cracks Revealed by Fractography

August 28, 2003

Author(s)

George D. Quinn, L K. Ives, S Jahanmir

Fractography detected and characterized the nature and size of strength limiting rods and bars in a sintered reaction bonder silicon nitride that was ground by a variety of procedures.

Combinatorial Approach to the Edge Delamination Test for Thin Film Reliability - Concept and Simulation

August 1, 2003

Author(s)

Martin Chiang, Wen-Li Wu, J He, Eric J. Amis

A high-throughput combinatorial approach to the edge delamination test is proposed. This approach can construct the failure map as a function of temperature and film thickness in one-step for a thin film bonded to a substrate. A modified combinatorial

Designing Damage-Resistant Brittle-Coating Structures: I. Bilayers

August 1, 2003

Author(s)

P Miranda, Antonia Pajares, F Guiberteau, Y N. Deng, Brian R. Lawn

A FEA study of coating/substrate bilayers is conducted as a foundation for damage analysis. Attention is focused on the stresses along the contact axis immediately adjacent to the bilayer interface, where radial cracking or yield in the coating, or yield

Designing Damage-Resistant Brittle-Coating Structures: II. Trilayers

August 1, 2003

Author(s)

P Miranda, Antonia Pajares, F Guiberteau, Y N. Deng, H Zhao, Brian R. Lawn

An extension of the FEA-based damage analysis for bilayers in Part I is presented for trilayers consisting of a functional outer layer on an underlying substrate with an intermediate inner core layer. The inner core layer may be used to enhance bonding or

First Principles Calculations of Ionic Vibrational Frequencies in PbMg 1/3Nb 2/30~3

August 1, 2003

Author(s)

S A. Prosandeev, Eric J. Cockayne, Benjamin P. Burton

Lattice dynamics for several ordered supercells with composition PbMgl/3Nb2/303 (PMN) were calculated with first-principles frozen phonon methods. Nominal symmetries of the supercelis studied are reduced by lattice instabilities. Laftice modes

High-Temperature X-Ray Diffraction Study of Phase Evolution in Ba 2 YCu 3 O 6+x Films Using the BaF 2 Conversion Process

August 1, 2003

Author(s)

Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Igor Levin, Mark D. Vaudin, Ron Feenstra, Lawrence P. Cook, James P. Cline

In-situ high-temperature x-ray diffraction (HTXRD) was used to study the phase formation and reaction kinetics of the Ba 2Ycu 3O 6+x (Y-213) phase using the ex-situ BaF 2 conversion process. Three sets of films on single crystal SrTiO 3 substrates were

Radiation-Induced Nitrogen Segregation During Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy of Silicon Oxide-Nitride-Oxide Stacks

August 1, 2003

Author(s)

Igor Levin, Richard D. Leapman, M Kovler, Y Roizin

Electron energy loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to measure elemental profiles of Si, 0 and N in the SiO x/Si xN y/SiO x/poly-Si stacks deposited on silicon. The measurements were made using (i) energy-filtered TEM and

Site-Specific X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: A New Method to Measure Partial Density of Valence States

August 1, 2003

Author(s)

Joseph C. Woicik

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has emerged as a premiere method for examining the electronic structure of solids and films. However, at the intensity of a monochromatic photon beam is constant over the dimensions of the crystalline unit cell, standard

BaO-Nd 2 O 3 -CuO x Subsolidus Equilibria Under Carbonate-Free Conditions at pO 2 = 100 Pa and at pO 2 = 21 kPa

July 1, 2003

Author(s)

Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Lawrence P. Cook, J Suh, R Coutts, Judith K. Stalick, Igor Levin, Qingzhen Huang

Subsolidus phase equilibria of the BaO-Nd 2O 3-CuO x system at pO 2 = 100 Pa (0.1 % O 2 by volume) and at pO 2 = 21 kPa (21 % O 2 by volume) have been investigated by applying controlled atmosphere methods to minimize the presence of carbonate and CO 2 and

Ceramics Lubrication

July 1, 2003

Author(s)

Stephen M. Hsu, Richard S. Gates, D E. Deckman

ramics are hard, brittle, and chemically inert under most environments. They wear by abrasion and fracture. Since brittle fracture is very sensitive to stress intensity factors, ceramic wear is dominated by stress intensity at various scales. Under mild

Characterization of Chinese Ink in Size and Surface

July 1, 2003

Author(s)

J R. Swider, Vincent A. Hackley, J Winter

Chinese lnk, a mixture of soot and animal glue, has been used in East Asia for centuries as the sole black paint of choice. The combination of animal glue and soot particles creates a distinctive dispersion system giving Chinese Ink its unique properties

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