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During the manufacturing of present-day integrated circuits, certain measurements must be made of the submicrometer structures composing the device with a high
The resonant frequency of a sphere in contact with a flat surface was measured as a function of loading force for contacting materials with different elastic
The most significant contribution to uncertainty in the measurement of photomask linewidths is the rough shape of the edge of the etched chrome lines. This
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has investigated the efficacy of indicating gaging systems used to measure pitch diameter and functional size
An instrument is described which is shown capable of making preliminary measurements of nanonewton forces. A technique is described which allows absolute