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We describe a coaxial line-reflect-match calibration that corrects for imperfections in the load used as a match standard. The method provides a practical means
Roger Marks, Jeffrey A. Jargon, C. K. Pao, C. P. Wen
Abstract: We apply custom calibration standards and software to the accurate on-wafer measurement of components on flip-chip coplanar-waveguide MM ICs. We
Frederick M. Proctor, William P. Shackleford, Charles W. Yang
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a modular definition of components for machine control, and a specification to their
A model was developed previously for calculating combined buoyancy- and pressure-driven (i.e., forced) flow through a shallow, circular, horizontal vent where
Fire propagation is driven by the coupling of heat and mass transfer processes between the gaseous and the condensed phases. A significant portion of the heat
Halogenated hydrocarbons are effective and widely used as fire suppressants. Because of their suspected destruction of stratospheric ozone, however, the
Over the last twenty years there has been much debate concerning the interaction of sprinklers and draft curtains in large storage facilities. At issue is
Kathryn M. Butler, Howard R. Baum, Takashi Kashiwagi
The addition of heat transfer calculations to a three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical model of intumescent materials is described. Intumescent materials
Nelson P. Bryner, Erik L. Johnsson, William M. Pitts
An extensive series of over 140 natural gas fires in a 2/5ths-scale model of a standard room has been previously reported. This work extends the earlier reduced
The Public Buildings Service (PBS) within the General Services Administration (GSA) is the Federal government's real property manager responsible for the
The objective of this work is to investigate the effectiveness of various agents in suppressing flame ignition. Experiments were conducted to determine the
On February 26, 1993, shortly after noon, a bomb exploded in a subterranean garage below the World Trade Center plaza in New York City. The explosions and
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are integrally-fabricated hybrids of micromechanical and microelectronic elements which serve together as sensors
The commercialization and integration of emerging technologies for custom, therapeutic footwear (CTF) manufacturing will provide economic and health-care
Virtual reality is a technology which is often regarded as a natural extension to 3D computer graphics with advanced input and output devices. This technology
The possibility of implementing Feynman''s proposal for achieving ultraminiaturization by an iterative process of three-dimensional machines making ever-smaller
Manufacturing engineering data validation is a critical engineering activity in the product realization process. This paper identifies a set of manufacturing