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Projects/Programs

Topic Area
Displaying 1526 - 1550 of 1661

Teaching Liquid State Theory to an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

Ongoing
Scientific questions: Can an ANN allow us to predict the structure of fluids that are impossible to predict numerically via liquid-state theory? Can we learn something about liquid-state theory itself by the nature of the trained ANN? What features do the hidden layers capture?

Technical Security Guidance Program

Ongoing
This program can increase the security of computer systems, networks, and data. It will increase understanding of new security technologies and the security implications of new IT technologies. Specifically, the program can have the following impacts: - Eliminate duplication of efforts across
Fish on a ruler to measure length, about 47 cm from head to tail.

Technological Advances in Aquaculture

Ongoing
According to the NOAA Fisheries of the U.S. report, in 2020 U.S. seafood consumption was estimated at ~6B pounds (~2.7 x 109 kg). Of that, 85% is imported and U.S. exports have seen a significant decline. Globally, the U.S. ranked only 18th in aquaculture production (2020). NIST aims to enhance the
water flow standard

Temperature Sensitivity of Liquid Flow Meters

Completed
The Fluid Metrology Group is using NIST’s 15 kg/s water flow standard (Fig. 1) to test how coriolis meters are affected by liquid and environment temperatures. The water flow standard is a closed-loop, dynamic liquid flow calibration facility that is fully automated. For this work, calibrations were

Templated Assembly of Block Copolymer Films

Completed
Viable nanomanufacturing of templated block copolymers will require a capability to control orientation and line edge roughness of trillions of structures to within a single nanometer, however there are no existing platforms that meet this need. We are developing small angle x-ray and neutron
Fig. 1. Time re-Envisioned: Not a biproduct of computation but the domain in which information is encoded. Leads to different mathematical functions becoming energy efficient primitives.

Temporal Computing

Ongoing
In standard integrated circuits, information that is coded as ones and zeros is implemented by voltages on wires being high or low. The circuits consume energy during transitions between these voltages. Binary numbers have a voltage per bit so there are a lot of transitions each time a number

Tension-Compression Testing

Ongoing
The inability to reliably predict the mechanical behavior of new automotive alloys during forming has generated strong demand for more advanced constitutive relationships and property data necessary to calibrate them. There is a particular need for models that incorporate combined kinematic and
Passive millimeter-wave image of concealed contraband (handgun and ceramic knife).

Terahertz Imaging and Sources

Ongoing
Over the past several years, we have focused on bolometric detection of THz radiation. Our initial work on cryogenic detectors has been extended to antenna-coupled bolometers operating at room temperature. These detectors provide a rugged, low-cost alternative for homeland security applications; e.g

Text Analysis Conference

Ongoing
Mission TAC's mission is to support research within the Natural Language Processing community by providing the infrastructure necessary for large-scale evaluation of NLP methodologies. TAC's primary purpose is not competitive benchmarking; the emphasis is on advancing the state of the art through

Text Recognition Algorithm Independent Evaluation (TRAIT 2016)

Ongoing
2017-DEC-15 – TRAIT Final Report now available The outcomes of the TRAIT activity have been published as NISTIR 8199 - The Text Recognition Algorithm Independent Evaluation (TRAIT). 2016-SEPT-08 – Phase 3 API now available The C++ API for algorithms, validation package , participation

Text REtrieval Conference (TREC)

Ongoing
Its purpose was to support research within the information retrieval community by providing the infrastructure necessary for large-scale evaluation of text retrieval methodologies. In particular, the TREC workshop series has the following goals: to encourage research in information retrieval based
Schematic figure illustrating the principle of operation of a mass spectrometer, showing deflection of ions based on mass.

Theoretical Mass Spectrometry

Ongoing
No Description Intended Impact Unknown compounds will be identified more reliably. Quality control for the NIST Mass Spectrometry Database will be enhanced. Goals Develop software tools for predicting microcanonical branching fractions automatically. This is currently too laborious and too technical
Hamiltonian Learning

Theory: Designing the Nanoworld

Ongoing
Developing and exploiting nanodevices for quantum and nanotechnologies requires nanoscale and atomic scale modeling of ultrasmall structures, devices, their operation, and their response to probes. Key challenges of understanding physics at the quantum/classical interface and measurement at the
Schematic of a radial p- n- Junction

Theory and Modeling of Materials for Renewable Energy

Completed
Nanostructured materials offer potential benefits for a range of renewable energy applications that rely critically on interfaces for separating charges, including photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, and electrochemical energy storage. The use of nanostructures allows scientists and engineers to

Theory of the optical properties of materials

Ongoing
Around 1998, first-principles calculation of optical constants and dielectric response began to include excitonic effects. Beginning with simple, wide-gap insulators and semiconductors, the field has progressed to studying more complex materials, clusters, and so forth. In the area of core
A current (white arrow) flowing through a tantalum film generates a current of spins (dark blue arrows) that impinges on the ferromagnetic cobalt iron boron layer and causes the magnetization (gold arrow) to charge directions (light blue arrow).

Theory of Spin-Orbit Torque

Completed
A ferromagnetic material such as iron acquires its magnetization because the magnetic orientation of its constituent atoms all line up in the same way. Because individual electrons also have an intrinsic magnetic moment – which is often referred to as the electron “spin” - they can interact with

Thermal Desorption Ambient Mass Spectrometry

Ongoing
The Surface and Trace Chemical Analysis Group is involved in a number of research avenues for the rapid screening of wipe-collected samples for the security and forensic chemistry fields. Similar to the widely-deploy ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) systems for screening, this is accomplished through

Thermal Noise Metrology

Ongoing
Customer Needs Noise is a crucial consideration in designing or assessing the performance of virtually any electronic device or system that involves detection or processing of a signal. This includes communications systems, such as cellular phones and home entertainment systems, as well as systems

Thermodynamic & Kinetic Data for Sustainable Energy

Completed
Knowledge of the thermodynamic, phase equilibria and diffusion properties of potential novel materials can greatly accelerate their development. However, the data needed for new, multi-component materials are often not available. The CALPHAD (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and thermochemistry)

Thermodynamic Principles Describe and Predict Cell Populations

Ongoing
Heterogeneity of cell populations indicates the many ways cells can process information. We study heterogeneity in gene expression by inserting a gene for a fluorescent protein downstream of the gene we are interested in, and we examine large numbers of cells by imaging or flow cytometry. We think
reaction coordinate

Thermodynamics of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions

Ongoing
Current efforts are focused on industrially important biotransformation problems such as those found in hydrogenation, hydroxylation, aromatic amino acid metabolic pathways, and biofuel applications. The methods used include calorimetry, chromatography, enzymology, and spectrophotometry. The
triple point cell

Thermometry

Ongoing
The NIST Temperature and Humidity Group supports industry and advances measurement science through an extensive suite of thermometry calibration services as well as research projects aimed at improving the utility for the International Temperature Scale. We also develop guidelines, and contribute to
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