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Projects/Programs

Topic Area
Displaying 1551 - 1575 of 1667

Thermal Noise Metrology

Ongoing
Customer Needs Noise is a crucial consideration in designing or assessing the performance of virtually any electronic device or system that involves detection or processing of a signal. This includes communications systems, such as cellular phones and home entertainment systems, as well as systems...

Thermodynamic & Kinetic Data for Sustainable Energy

Completed
Knowledge of the thermodynamic, phase equilibria and diffusion properties of potential novel materials can greatly accelerate their development. However, the data needed for new, multi-component materials are often not available. The CALPHAD (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and thermochemistry)...

Thermodynamic Principles Describe and Predict Cell Populations

Ongoing
Heterogeneity of cell populations indicates the many ways cells can process information. We study heterogeneity in gene expression by inserting a gene for a fluorescent protein downstream of the gene we are interested in, and we examine large numbers of cells by imaging or flow cytometry. We think...

Thermodynamics of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions

Ongoing
Current efforts are focused on industrially important biotransformation problems such as those found in hydrogenation, hydroxylation, aromatic amino acid metabolic pathways, and biofuel applications. The methods used include calorimetry, chromatography, enzymology, and spectrophotometry. The...

Thermoelectric Measurements

Ongoing
Thermoelectric effects enable the inter-conversion of thermal and electrical energy, with applications that include solid-state waste heat recovery in engines for automotive and industrial manufacturing; power generation for aerospace, non-terrestrial exploration, and remote sensing; and...

Thermometry

Ongoing
The NIST Temperature and Humidity Group supports industry and advances measurement science through an extensive suite of thermometry calibration services as well as research projects aimed at improving the utility for the International Temperature Scale. We also develop guidelines, and contribute to...

Thin Film Electronics (Archived)

Completed
Today's electronics have reached a point where sheer computation power has yielded to combined form and function as the key driver of large consumer markets. The demand for portable and pervasive electronics with greater functionality promises significant changes over the next decades in how society...

Three-Dimensional Nanometer Metrology

Ongoing
Important physical and chemical properties of nanometer scale devices and structures depend on their shape and size. The benefits of nano are already increasing many applications, and are expected to grow significantly. For these applications, measurement accuracy is a fundamental measurement...

THz Detection of Corrosion on Rebar Embedded in Concrete

Ongoing
We developed a new technology to detect and quantify the extent of corrosion in embedded rebar using Terahertz (THz) and microwave spectroscopies. This new method exploits the likelihood that a number of iron corrosion products are antiferromagnetic and absorb THz and microwave radiation. In this...

Time Measurement and Analysis Service (TMAS)

Ongoing
The TMAS meets the requirements of any facility or organization that needs to maintain a high accuracy time standard. TMAS customers include calibration and metrology laboratories, telecommunication providers, instrumentation manufacturers, military installations, defense contractors, government...

Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Ongoing
ToF-SIMS is an imaging mass spectrometry (MS) technique that allows us to obtain isotopic, elemental, and molecular information from the surface of solid samples. A pulsed, energetic “primary” ion beam bombards the surface and induces a collision cascade, liberating “secondary” ions that are then...

Tissue Engineering

Ongoing
Tissue Engineering Measurands: Tissue engineering measurands are confusing to discuss and a charting method to improve communication is demonstrated. Measurement Assurance Strategies for Regenerative Medicine: Reliable methods for assessing product consistency and quality. Regenerative Medicine...

Tissue Engineering Measurands

Ongoing
Making a Measurand Chart: A measurand chart can be created for any measurement by writing down all the measurands that occur during the measurement. The panels should not be procedural steps, such as “wash the sample with buffer” or “centrifuge the microfuge tubes.” Consider if the measurement has a...

TMAS Data Service

Ongoing
A commercial time measurement system can also be used to achieve similar results by building-in a comparable GPS receiver to generate the file format compatible with TMAS service. Commercial manufacturers can sell the equipment with this option, which would be activated when customers subscribe to...

Topological Insulators

Ongoing
Dichalcogenide-Based Topological Insulators A family of TI materials can by synthesized by combining binary compounds of Bismuth (Bi) or Antimony (Sb) with Selenium (Se) and Tellurium (Te) to form Bi 2Se 3, Bi 2Te 3, and Sb 2Te 3 compounds. In these material compounds, the spin of the electron has a...

Toxicology

Ongoing
Development of Low-Volume Drop Blood Drug Screening Tools This project aims to leverage recent NIST advances in ambient ionization mass spectrometry to develop platforms for low-volume blood drug screening. Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) and Paper Spray Ionization Mass...

Trace Contraband Detection

Ongoing
Screening of people and their belongings including luggage, vehicles, and packages for the presence of trace residues of explosives and narcotics (trace contraband detection) is widely used in aviation security and law enforcement. In common screening scenarios, trace contraband residues in the form...

Traceability in Molecular Spectrophotometry

Ongoing
This program, sometimes referred to as the Optical Filters program, has supported the development, certification, and (as specified) recertification of Standard Reference Materials ® (SRMs ®) for the verification of the transmittance (absorbance) and wavelength scales of spectrophotometers in the...

Traceable Calibration Gases: SRMs, NTRMs, and Protocol Gases

Ongoing
The Gas Sensing Metrology Group prepares the highest level gas standards, known as Primary Standard Gas Mixtures based on precise gravimetric methods and accurate purity analysis. These Primary Standards are verified at NIST, stability confirmed through reanalysis over many years, and compared...

Training Image Segmentation of Damage in Concrete Samples

Ongoing
The application‐driven motivation for our work lies in automated image‐based quantification of damage types from laboratory prepared concrete samples. The concrete samples are extracted from the laboratory-prepared concrete blocks under a variety of conditions by drill coring. The images are...

Training and optimization of hardware neural networks

Ongoing
The goal of this project is to develop a general method that can train many different types of neural networks, and to demonstrate and evaluate their performance on new emerging hardware. We aim to develop and demonstrate training on diverse hardware platforms, and in the presence of realistic noise...
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