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Projects/Programs

Topic Area
Displaying 1151 - 1175 of 1616

Physics and Hardware for Intelligence

Ongoing
Our work in this area can be separated into two categories: conceptual and experimental. Please read our publications linked below for more information. Experimental: Our latest generation of synaptic circuits are described in a 2024 paper published in APL Machine Learning. These circuits are our

Pico-Watt ACR

Ongoing
Design Parameters for Improved ACR Sensitivity An absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR) is an electrical substitution instrument for calibrating optical power. A bolometer designed so that virtually all incident optical power is absorbed by the radiometer, an ACR allows for absolute calibration

Pipeline Safety

Ongoing
The U.S. operates more than 2.5M miles of natural gas, petroleum and hazardous liquid pipelines, crossing all 50 states and operated by more than 3,000 companies. Fluid hydrocarbon fossil fuels remain the world leading source of energy. The safest and most reliable means of transporting these fuels

Plasma Metrology

Ongoing
Plasma, the fourth state of matter, is common in both nature (e.g., lightning, the earth's ionosphere, stellar objects) and in modern technology (e.g., semiconductor processing, lighting, plasma televisions, medical equipment). Yet despite this ubiquity, the plasma state is still a wide open

Plasma Process Metrology

Ongoing
Intended Impact The model for rf bias effects that we have developed should make it easier for industry to select optimal operating frequencies and may stimulate the adoption of new methods for RF biasing, such as multiple-frequency bias and non-sinusoidal bias. NIST studies of electrical endpoint

Plastic Pollution Measurement Science

Ongoing
Plastic pollution is a complex mixture of various types of plastics with different shapes and chemical additives. From microscopic nanoplastics (as small as 1 nm) to large megaplastics (over 1 m), plastic pollution poses significant measurement science challenges. By developing accurate methods for

Platform for Realizing Integrated Molecule Experiments (PRIME)

Ongoing
Blackbodies realize a clear relationship between radiated power and temperature through Planck’s law. While a reliable instrument for temperature and power calibrations, blackbodies are afflicted with a plethora of systematics (e.g., non-ideal emissivity, propagation loss, temperature gradients

A Point Process Model for Evacuation Flows: The Hawkes Mode

Ongoing
Results from a case study of evacuations of 14 office and residential buildings in the United States led us to model occupant exit times as a Hawkes point process, N(t). N(t) the number of evacuee exits in the time interval (0,t]. Because the Hawkes model is self-similar, human to human interaction

Point and Shoot Face Recognition Challenge (PaSC)

Completed
Inexpensive "point-and-shoot" camera technology combined with social network technology motivates the general population to use face recognition technology. Users expect a lot; they want to snap pictures, shoot videos, upload, and have their friends, family and acquaintances more-or-less

Point-of-Care Pharmaceutical Manufacturing & Precision Medicine

Ongoing
We are employing quality by design (QbD) and risk assessment (cause-and-effect) approaches to investigate production technologies ( e.g., drop on demand or inkjet printing platforms) and appropriate analytical control strategies for point-of-care manufacture of narrow therapeutic index drugs

Polymer Additive Manufacturing and Rheology

Ongoing
We are measuring the fundamental processes and material parameters that are critical to understanding and furthering polymers-based AM. These efforts will aid the AM ecosystem through better online monitoring capabilities and developing strategies for materials optimization. In situ measurements of

Polymer Analytics

Ongoing
This project focuses on a variety of activities to achieve the aforementioned goal of accelerating the discovery of new polymer physics. Polymer databases In collaboration with partners, we build FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reproducible) data resources that enable machine learning

Polymer Composites

Ongoing
Measurements of interphase properties are extremely challenging, and their effects on macroscopic properties and performance of composites are poorly quantified. The objectives of this project fall into the following four research thrusts: Fluorescence Based Probes to Sense Damage and Water in

Polymer Formulations

Completed
Bringing new and optimized formulated products to market requires measurements that will allow rapid assessment of the structure and properties of multicomponent mixtures over large parameter spaces. To this end, we are developing microfluidic "lab on a chip" technologies that enable researchers to

Polymer Mechanics

Ongoing
The mechanical behavior for polymers is very sensitive to the deformation rate of the impact test. Thus we are developing and applying several novel measurements that can study the mechanical response of the polymer at different deformation rates and at different material length scales. High-rate

Polymer Membranes

Ongoing
We are developing and applying the following advanced tools to measure the structure, dynamics, and performance of polymer-based membranes and sorbents: Vibrational Spectroscopy We have developed a custom-built tandem quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), which measures total mass uptake of adsorbed

Polymer Property Predictor and Database

Ongoing
We aim to generate the data necessary for polymer informatics by developing information extraction pipelines to automatically extract polymer properties from the literature. We use natural language processing software (ChemDataExtractor) to extract both names of chemical entities and properties

Polymers for Next-Generation Lithography

Completed
We work closely with the semiconductor industry to develop and apply measurements with high-spatial and chemically-specific resolution to elucidate the critical materials properties and process kinetics at nanometer scales that are needed to advance next-generation photolithography, including both

Portable Field Test Standard for Evaluation of Hydrogen Gas Dispensers

Completed
This project provides a metrological tool and standards supporting the fair trade of hydrogen gas as a vehicle fuel of the future. Objective(s): The Fluid Metrology Group (FMG) and the Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) collaborated in designing, constructing, and testing a hydrogen gas dispenser

Portable Optical Lattice Clock

Ongoing
These include a variety of navigation, communication, and remote sensing and imaging applications. The very best atomic clocks today, optical clocks, are among the most precise measurement devices of any kind. For example, the NIST ytterbium optical lattice clock can make frequency or time

Post-Quantum Cryptography

Ongoing
In recent years, there has been a substantial amount of research on quantum computers – machines that exploit quantum mechanical phenomena to solve mathematical problems that are difficult or intractable for conventional computers. If large-scale quantum computers are ever built, they will be able

Potential Primary Measurement Tool for the Quantification of DNA

Ongoing
The biotechnology industry relies primarily on absorbance and fluorescence methodologies to assess DNA mass. However, these measurements can be seriously compromised by impurities in the DNA preparations or state of the DNA itself. These techniques are also not traceable to the SI because the

Powder Diffraction SRMs

Ongoing
This program strives to produce the highest-quality, traceable powders and other artifacts for x-ray diffraction calibration. (to be completed)