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Search Publications by: John Kitching (Fed)

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Displaying 76 - 100 of 218

Sub-micron force detection using optically-cooled levitated microspheres

September 3, 2010
Author(s)
Andrew Geraci, Scott B. Papp, John E. Kitching
We propose an experiment using optically trapped and cooled dielectric microspheres for the detection of short-range forces. The center-of-mass motion of a microsphere trapped in vacuum can experience extremely low dissipation and quality factors of 10 12

Advances in Coherent Population Trapping for Atomic Clocks

August 10, 2010
Author(s)
John E. Kitching, Vishal Shah
We review advances in the field of coherent population trapping (CPT) over the last decade with respect to the application of this physical phenomenon to atomic frequency references. We provide an overview of both the basic phenomenon of coherent

Low-Frequency Characterization of MEMS-Based Portable Atomic Magnetometer

June 2, 2010
Author(s)
Rahul R. Mhaskar, Svenja A. Knappe, John E. Kitching
Atomic magnetometers based on absorption or polarization rotation of light in an alkali vapor have recently demonstrated sensitivities rivaling those of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs). Miniaturization of such devices containing vapor

Towards a compact cold atom frequency standard based on coherent populatoin trapping

June 2, 2010
Author(s)
Francois-Xavier R. Esnault, Elizabeth Donley, John Kitching
We describe in this paper the main features of a cold atom CPT based frequency standard. We explain our particular CPT configuration and our experimental setup. as well as present simulations of the expected performance (stability and major systematics)

Sensitivity Comparison of Mx and Frequency Modulated Bell-Bloom Cs Magnetometers in a Micro-Fabricated Cell

February 1, 2010
Author(s)
Ricardo Jimenez Martinez, William C. Griffith, Ying-ju Wang, Svenja A. Knappe, John E. Kitching, Ken Smith, Mark Prouty
We compare the sensitivity performance of two optically pumped atomic magnetometers based on the Mx and frequency-modulated Bell-Bloom configurations. The Cs magnetometers are implemented using a millimeter-scale microfabricated vapor cell in a

Uncooled, Millimeter-Scale Atomic Magnetometers with Femtotesla Sensitivity

October 26, 2009
Author(s)
John E. Kitching, Svenja A. Knappe, William C. Griffith, Jan Preusser, V Gerginov, Peter D. Schwindt, Vishal Shah, Ricardo Jimenez Martinez
We summarize recent results at NIST to develop high-performance yet highly miniaturized magnetic sensors based on atomic vapors confined in microfabricated alkali vapor cells. These sensors currently achieve sensitivities in the range of a few tens of

Ultra-cold mechanical resonators coupled to atoms in an optical lattice

September 17, 2009
Author(s)
Andrew Geraci, John E. Kitching
We propose an experiment utilizing an array of cooled micro-cantilevers coupled to a sample of ultra-cold atoms trapped near a micro-fabricated surface. The cantilevers allow individual lattice site addressing for atomic state control and readout, and

Conversion of laser optical rotation noise in cesium vapor

August 15, 2009
Author(s)
Ricardo Jimenez Martinez, Svenja A. Knappe, William C. Griffith, John E. Kitching
We have studied the noise in the optical rotation of a linearly polarized laser beam transmitted through a spin-polarized 133Cs vapor as a function of its frequency detuning from the optical resonance. Our measurements demonstrate the direct conversion of

A microfabricated photonic magnetometer

June 14, 2009
Author(s)
Jan Preusser, Svenja A. Knappe, Vladislav Gerginov, John E. Kitching
A system for sensing magnetic fields is proposed, composed of an array of passive microfabricated alkali atom sensor heads coupled to a control unit using only optical interconnects. The optical coupling can be achieved by either free-space transmission of

Rubidium Vapor Cell with Integrated Bragg Reflectors for Compact Atomic MEMS

June 9, 2009
Author(s)
Maximillian Perez, Uyen Nguyen, Svenja A. Knappe, Elizabeth Donley, John Kitching, A Shkel
This paper reports on a method for improving the optical efficiency of micro-machined reflectors integrated in rubidium vapor cells for application in atomic MEMS sensors. A hybrid bulk micromachining and multilayer PECVD thin film process is used to form

A microfabricated photonic magnetometer

April 20, 2009
Author(s)
Jan Preusser, Svenja A. Knappe, John Kitching, Vladislav Gerginov
We present initial measurements of an atomic magnetometer in which the microfabricated sensor head is coupled to the control system by optical fibers. Since there are no electrical connections, the sensor head is largely non-magnetic and degradation of the

Optical detection of NMR J -spectra at zero magnetic field

March 28, 2009
Author(s)
M Ledbetter, C.W. Crawford, A Pines, D.E. Wemmer, Svenja A. Knappe, John Kitching, D Budker
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has emerged as one of the most powerful analytical tools for elucidating molecular structure. One of the parameters typically extracted from NMR spectra which is necessary to fully understand the structure of a molecule is

HBAR-Based 3.6GHz Oscillator with Low Power Consumption and Low Phase Noise

February 1, 2009
Author(s)
Hongyu Yu, Chuang-yuan Lee, Wei Pang, Hao Zhang, Alan Brannon, John E. Kitching, Eun Sok Kim
We have designed and built two oscillators, based on High-overtone Bulk Acoustic Resonators (HBAR) for application in Chip-Scale Atomic Clocks (CSAC). The measured phase noise of the 3.6-GHz oscillator is -67 dBc/Hz at 300 Hz offset and ?102 dBc/Hz at 10

Nuclear quadrupole resonances in compact vapor cells: The crossover between the NMR and the nuclear quadrupole resonance interaction regimes

January 22, 2009
Author(s)
Elizabeth A. Donley, Jonathan Long, Tara C. Liebisch, Eleanor Hodby, Ted Fisher, John E. Kitching
We trace the transformation of I = 3/2 131-Xe nuclear spin resonances from the pure nuclear quadrupole regime to the quadrupole-perturbed Zeeman regime. We achieve large nuclear quadrupole shifts by using a 1mm 3 cubic cell with walls of different

Miniature atomic magnetometer integrated with flux concentrators

January 14, 2009
Author(s)
William C. Griffith, Svenja A. Knappe, John E. Kitching, Ricardo Jimenez Martinez, Vishal Shah
High permeability magnetic flux concentrators are used to enhance the sensitivity of an atomic magnetometer operating in the spin exchange relaxation free regime. The magnetometer uses a millimeter scale 87Rb vapor cell and either mu-metal or Mn-Zn ferrite

Miniature atomic magnetometer integrated with flux concentrators

January 14, 2009
Author(s)
William C. Griffith, Ricardo Jimenez Martinez, Vishal Shah, Svenja A. Knappe, John E. Kitching
A major limitation on the sensitivity of alkali atomic magnetometers, spin-exchange relaxation, can be completely eliminated by operating at low magnetic field and high alkali density. This allows the miniaturization of atomic magnetometers while retaining

A microfabricated photonic magnetometer

October 26, 2008
Author(s)
Jan Preusser, Vladislav Gerginov, Svenja A. Knappe, John E. Kitching
An integrated optically-controlled sensor, suitable for remote, high-sensitivity detection of magnetic fields is presented. The sensor head is free of electrical currents or metal parts, therefore eliminating distortion of the magnetic fields to be

Chip-scale atomic devices: precision atomic instruments based on MEMS

October 5, 2008
Author(s)
John E. Kitching, Svenja A. Knappe, Vladislav Gerginov, Vishal Shah, Peter D. Schwindt, Brad Lindseth, Elizabeth A. Donley, Ying-ju Wang, Eleanor Hodby, Matt Eardley, Ricardo Jimenez Martinez, William C. Griffith, Andrew Geraci, Jan Preusser, Tara C. Liebisch, Hugh Robinson, Leo Hollberg
We describe recent work at NIST to develop compact, low-power instruments based on a combination of precision atomic spectroscopy, advanced diode lasers and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Designed to be fabricated in parallel in large numbers

Laser noise cancellation in single-cell CPT clocks

July 1, 2008
Author(s)
Vladislav Gerginov, Svenja A. Knappe, V Shah, Leo W. Hollberg, John E. Kitching
We demonstrate a new technique for the suppression of noise associated with the laser source in atomic clocks based on coherent population trapping. The technique uses differential detection of the transmission of linearly- and circularly-polarized beams

Microfabricated Atomic Magnetometers and Applications

May 19, 2008
Author(s)
John E. Kitching, Svenja A. Knappe, Vishal Shah, P Schwindt, William C. Griffith, Ricardo Jimenez Martinez, Jan Preusser
We describe recent work at NIST to develop compact, sensitive atomic magnetometers using a combination of precision optical spectroscopy, atomic physics and techniques of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). These instruments have sensor head volumes

Optical Microchip Detection of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

May 4, 2008
Author(s)
M Ledbetter, I Savukov, D Budker, Vishal Shah, Svenja A. Knappe, John Kitching, S Xu, D Michalak, A Pines
We demonstrate optical detection of nuclear magnetic resonance on a microchip. A theoretical optimization indicates detection limits that are competitive with that demonstrated by microcoils in high magnetic fields, without requiring superconducting