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Displaying 526 - 550 of 1922

Roles of Nanofiber Scaffold Structure and Chemistry in Directing Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Response

August 22, 2016
Author(s)
Sumona Sarkar, Bryan A. Baker, Desu Chen, Patrick S. Pine, Jennifer H. McDaniel, Marc L. Salit, Wolfgang Losert, Carl G. Simon Jr., Joy P. Dunkers
Nanofiber technology has emerged as a promising tool to recapitulate the native extracellular matrix structure; however the properties of nanofibers governing cell-material interactions are still largely undetermined. In this study we have systematically

Modeling and Measuring Chloride Ingress into Cracked Mortar

August 7, 2016
Author(s)
Scott Jones, Jeffery Davis, John L. Molloy, John R. Sieber, Dale P. Bentz
Chloride ingress into reinforced concrete structures is responsible for initiating corrosion of steel embedded into concrete. To aide in the prediction of concrete service life, a chloride ingress model that includes chloride binding to the cement matrix

Current status and future directions for in situ transmission electron microscopy

August 6, 2016
Author(s)
M. L. Taheri, Eric Stach, Ilke Arslan, Peter A. Crozier, Kabius Bernd, Thomas LaGrange, Andrew Minor, Seiji Takeda, Mihaela M. Tanase, Jakob B. Wagner, Renu Sharma
This review article discusses the current and future possibilities for the application of in situ transmission electron microscopy to reveal synthesis pathways and functional mechanisms in complex and nanoscale materials. The findings of a group of

Morphology-insensitive Performance Facilitates Transition from Spin-Coating to Roll-to-Roll Coating For High-Performance, Solution-Processed Solar Cells

August 2, 2016
Author(s)
Lee J. Richter, Jonathan Downing, Sebastian Engmann, Hyun W. Ro, Andrew A. Herzing, Dean M. DeLongchamp, Subhrangsu Mukherjee, Harald Ade, Maged Addelsamie, Aram Amassian, Yuhang Liu, He Yan
Solution processing via roll-to-roll (R2R) coating promises a low cost, low thermal-budget, sustainable revolution for the production of solar cells. Yet virtually all high performance solution processed research cells have been demonstrated by spin

Reversible adsorption kinetics of near surface dimer colloids

August 2, 2016
Author(s)
Paul NMN Salipante, Steven D Hudson
We investigate the effect of shape on reversible adsorption kinetics using colloidal polystyrene dimers near a solid glass surface as a model system. The interaction between colloid and wall is tuned using electrostatic, depletion, and gravity forces to

Giant surface conductivity enhancement in a carbon nanotube composite by ultraviolet light exposure

July 29, 2016
Author(s)
Christian J. Long, Nathan D. Orloff, Kevin A. Twedt, Thomas F. Lam, Luis Fernando Vargas Lara, Minhua Zhao, Bharath NMN Natarajan, Keana C. Scott, Eric Marksz, Tinh Nguyen, Jack F. Douglas, Jabez J. McClelland, Edward J. Garboczi, Jan Obrzut, James A. Liddle
Carbon nanotube composites are lightweight, multifunctional materials with readily adjustable mechanical and electrical properties—relevant to the aerospace, automotive, and sporting goods industries as high-performance building materials. Here, we combine

Self-terminated Electrodeposition of Ni, Co and Fe Ultrathin Films

July 28, 2016
Author(s)
Thomas P. Moffat
Self-terminated iron group metal electrodeposition occurs at potentials negative of the onset of water reduction due to formation of a monolayer thick hydroxide layer. Quenching of metal deposition is accompanied by an increase in dissipative energy loss

Ultraviolet/Ozone as a tool to control grafting density in surface-initiated controlled-radical polymerizations via ablation of bromine

July 21, 2016
Author(s)
Richard J. Sheridan, Sara V. Orski, Shinichiro Muramoto, Christopher M. Stafford, Kathryn L. Beers
We used an ultraviolet-ozone (UVO) cleaner to create substrates for atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with varying surface initiator coverage. We collected complementary time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and X-ray

An azeotropic cross-linked styrene-methacrylate network formed through rapid visible-light photo- polymerization

July 15, 2016
Author(s)
Yin Yang, Aaron A. Urbas, Andres Gonzalez-Bonet, Richard J. Sheridan, Jonathan E. Seppala, Kathryn L. Beers, Jirun Sun
A system containing well-defined functional material, a clinically practical procedure to make the material in situ, and proper analytical tools for chemical structure and kinetic studies is appealing, but currently unavailable. Herein, we introduce an all

Modeling early breakdown failures of gate oxide in SiC power MOSFETs

July 14, 2016
Author(s)
Zakariae Chbili, Asahiko Matsuda, Jaafar Chbili, Jason T. Ryan, Jason P. Campbell, Mhamed Lahbabi, D. E. Ioannou, Kin P. Cheung
One of the most serious technology roadblocks for SiC DMOSFETs is the significant occurrence of early failures in time-dependent-dielectric-breakdown (TDDB) testing. Conventional screening methods have proved ineffective because the remaining population is

Advancing X-Ray Scattering Metrology Using Inverse Genetic Algorithms

July 7, 2016
Author(s)
Adam F. Hannon, Daniel F. Sunday, Donald A. Windover, Regis J. Kline
We compare the speed and effectiveness of two genetic optimization algorithms to the results of statistical sampling via a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm to find which is the most robust method for determining real space structure in periodic gratings

Rheology of clustering protein solutions

July 5, 2016
Author(s)
Vishnu Dharmaraj, P. Douglas Godfrin, Yun Liu, Steven Hudson
High viscosity is a major challenge with protein therapeutics at extremely high concentration. Understanding the relationship between the concentration of a protein solution and its viscosity as a function of shear rate and temperature is therefore

Attractive Interactions between DNA-Carbon Nanotube hybrids in Monovalent Salts

June 30, 2016
Author(s)
Ming Zheng, Xiangyun Qiu, Fuyou Ke, Raju Timsina, Constantine Y. Khripin
DNA-carbon nanotube (DNA-CNT) hybrids are nanometer-sized, highly-charged, rod-like molecules with complex surface chemistry, and their behaviors in aqueous solutions are governed by multifactorial interactions with both solvent and co-solutes. We have

A Hybrid Human-Computer Approach to the Extraction of Scientific Facts from the Literature

June 28, 2016
Author(s)
Roselyne B. Tchoua, Kyle Chard, Debra Audus, Jian Qin, Juan J. de Pablo, Ian Foster
A wealth of valuable data is locked within the millions of research articles published each year. Reading and extracting pertinent information from those articles has become an unmanageable task for scientists. This problem hinders scientific progress by

Machine Learning Strategy to Determine Cell Shape Phenotypes Associated with Micro-Environmental Cues

June 25, 2016
Author(s)
Desu Chen, Sumona Sarkar, Julian Candia, Carl G. Simon Jr., Wolfgang Losert, Joy P. Dunkers, Stephen J. Florczyk, Subhadip Bodhak, Meghan Driscoll
Cell morphology has been identified as a potential indicator of stem cell response and function in biomaterial environments. However, determination of cell shape phenotype in biomaterials is complicated by heterogeneous cell populations, heterogeneous

Atomic structural evolution during the reduction of a-Fe2O3 nanowires

June 20, 2016
Author(s)
Wenhui Zhu, Jonathan P. Winterstein, Itai Maimon, Qiyue Yin, Lu Yuan, Aleksey N. Kolmogorov, Renu Sharma, Guangwen Zhou
The atomic-scale reduction mechanism of α-Fe2O3 nanowires by H2 was followed using transmission electron microscopy to reveal the evolution of atomic structures and the associated transformation pathways for different iron oxides. The reduction commences

Evolution of Dendrimer Conformational Structure with Generation Number

June 20, 2016
Author(s)
Beatriz A. Pazmino, Jack F. Douglas
We simulate the conformational structure of a coarse-grained model of dendrimer molecules in good solvent as a function of generation number G and find that they evolve through a substantially more complex structures than regular star polymer with

Hydrodynamic Radius Fluctuations in Model DNA-Grafted Nanoparticles

June 16, 2016
Author(s)
Luis Fernando Vargas Lara, Francis W. Starr, Jack F. Douglas
We utilize molecular dynamics simulations (MD) and the path-integration program ZENO to quantify hydrodynamic radius (Rh) fluctuations of spherical symmetric gold nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with single-stranded DNA chains (ssDNA). In particular, we
Displaying 526 - 550 of 1922
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