NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.

Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.

U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 1751 - 1775 of 2915

Visualizing Model-based Product Definitions in Augmented Reality

August 23, 2021
Author(s)
Teodor Vernica, Robert R. Lipman, William Z. Bernstein
Augmented reality (AR) technologies present immense potential for the design and manufacturing communities. However, coordinating traditional engineering data representations into AR systems without loss of context and information remains a challenge. A

Redefining the kilogram and other SI units

February 10, 2021
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger
Units are at the heart of science and technology. Most measurements require units to express their result. The International System of Units (SI) provides a widely used coherent framework of units. While the present SI is fit for purpose for all

Four Principles of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Draft)

August 18, 2020
Author(s)
P Phillips, Carina Hahn, Peter Fontana, David A. Broniatowski, Mark A. Przybocki
We introduce four principles for explainable artificial intelligence (AI) that comprise the fundamental properties for explainable AI systems. They were developed to encompass the multidisciplinary nature of explainable AI, including the fields of computer

Simplified Ray Tracing for the Millimeter Wave Channel: A Performance Evaluation

February 14, 2020
Author(s)
Mattia Lecci, Paolo Testolina, Marco Giordani, Michele Polese, Tanguy Ropitault, Camillo Gentile, Neeraj Varshney, Michele Zorzi
Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is one of the cornerstone innovations of fifth- generation (5G) wireless networks, thanks to the massive bandwidth available in these frequency bands. To correctly assess the performance of such systems, however, it

NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework: Volume 1, Definitions

October 21, 2019
Author(s)
Wo L. Chang, Nancy Grady
Big Data is a term used to describe the large amount of data in the networked, digitized, sensor-laden, information-driven world. The growth of data is outpacing scientific and technological advances in data analytics. Opportunities exist with Big Data to

Characterization of a high-brightness, laser-cooled Li+ ion source

February 20, 2019
Author(s)
Jamie R. Gardner, William R. McGehee, Jabez J. McClelland
Ion sources based on laser cooling have recently provided new pathways to high-resolution microscopy, ion milling, and ion implantation. Here, we present the design and detailed characterization of Li-7 magneto-optical trap ion source (MOTIS) with a peak

Dynamic and absolute measurements of laser coupling efficiency during laser spot welds

September 3, 2018
Author(s)
Brian J. Simonds, Jeffrey W. Sowards, Joshua A. Hadler, Erik A. Pfeif, Boris Wilthan, Jack R. Tanner, Chandler Harris, Paul A. Williams
Laser absorptance (coupling efficiency) changes rapidly during laser metal processing due to temperature and multiple phase changes. We find that there is limited literature data available, but this property is vital for accurate process simulations, as

Measurement units as quantities of objects or values of quantities: a discussion

August 24, 2018
Author(s)
Charles D. Ehrlich, Leslie R. Pendrill, Luca Mari
Measurement units have historically been defined as quantities (specific properties) of objects, such as the mass of a particular piece of metal or the length of a particular rod. While the current SI Brochure endorses this position, the draft 9th SI

Nanoparticle Manufacturing - Heterogeneity through Processes to Products

August 15, 2018
Author(s)
Samuel M. Stavis, Jeffrey Fagan, Michael Stopa, James Alexander Liddle
Commercial products are now making use of the unique properties of nanoscale particles. However, common challenges of making nanoparticles into products still limit their impact. In this article, we review recent advances in nanoparticle manufacturing in

NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework: Volume 1, Big Data Definitions [Version 2]

June 26, 2018
Author(s)
Wo L. Chang, Nancy Grady, NBD-PWG NIST Big Data Public Working Group
Big Data is a term used to describe the large amount of data in the networked, digitized, sensor- laden, information-driven world. The growth of data is outpacing scientific and technological advances in data analytics. Opportunities exist with Big Data to

Towards Replacing Resistance Thermometry with Photonic Thermometry

December 6, 2017
Author(s)
Nikolai Klimov, Thomas P. Purdy, Zeeshan Ahmed
Resistance thermometry provides a time-tested method for taking temperature measurements that has been painstakingly developed over the last century. However, fundamental limits to resistance-based approaches along with a desire to reduce the cost of

Measurement Challenges for 5G and Beyond

July 14, 2017
Author(s)
Catherine A. Remley, Jeffrey A. Jargon, Joshua A. Gordon, Alexandra E. Curtin, David R. Novotny, Christopher L. Holloway, Robert D. Horansky, Michael S. Allman, Jeanne T. Quimby, Camillo A. Gentile, Peter B. Papazian, Ruoyu Sun, Damir Senic, Jelena Senic, Matthew T. Simons, Maria G. Becker, Dylan F. Williams, Richard A. Chamberlin, Jerome G. Cheron, Ari D. Feldman, Paul D. Hale, Mohit S. Mujumdar, Nada T. Golmie
National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) around the world are charged with supporting industry through improved measurement science and by providing a traceability path to fundamental physical standards. Mobile wireless communications have become a ubiquitous

Noise characteristics of thermistors: measurement methods and results of selected devices

February 13, 2017
Author(s)
Ivan Ryger, Michelle S. Stephens, Malcolm G. White, Nathan A. Tomlin, Matthew T. Spidell, John H. Lehman, Dave Harber
As part of the development of a spectrally-uniform room-temperature absolute radiometer, we have studied the electrical noise of several bulk chip thermistors in order to estimate the noise floor and optical dynamic range. Understanding the fundamental

MEASUREMENT OF DNA REPAIR PROTEINS IN RELATION TO DISEASE BIOMARKERS AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT

November 7, 2015
Author(s)
Erdem Coskun, Pawel Jaruga, Leona D. Scanlan, Alessandro Tona, Mark S. Lowenthal, Prasad T. Reddy, M Miral Dizdar, Ann-Sofie Jemth, Olga Loseva, Thomas Helleday
Introduction: In aerobic organisms, intracellular metabolism and exogenous sources such as ionizing radiation and carcinogenic compounds generate reactive species including free radicals derived from either oxygen or nitrogen. Oxidative stress thereby

NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework: Volume 5, Architectures White Paper Survey

October 22, 2015
Author(s)
Wo L. Chang, Sanjay Mishra, NBD-PWG NIST Big Data Public Working Group
Big Data is a term used to describe the large amount of data in the networked, digitized, sensor-laden, information-driven world. While opportunities exist with Big Data, the data can overwhelm traditional technical approaches and the growth of data is

Digital Repository of Mathematical Formulae KLS Seeding Project

June 23, 2015
Author(s)
Howard S. Cohl, Marjorie A. McClain, Bonita V. Saunders, Moritz Schubotz, Cherry Y. Zou, Alex A. Danoff, Azeem S. Mohammed
One initial goal for the DRMF is to seed our digital compendium with fundamental orthogonal polynomial formulae. We have received permission from Springer-Verlag and the authors to use formulae from Chapters 1, 9, and 14 from the book "Hypergeometric

BIOS Protection Guidelines for Servers

August 28, 2014
Author(s)
Andrew R. Regenscheid
Modern computers rely on fundamental system firmware, commonly known as the Basic Input/Output System (BIOS), to facilitate the hardware initialization process and transition control to the hypervisor or operating system. Unauthorized modification of BIOS

Varieties of Hyphenated Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry

June 4, 2014
Author(s)
Thomas J. Bruno
Because of the very powerful and common application of mass spectrometry with gas chromatography, the various technologies warrant more detailed consideration.[1-4] The following table provides basic information on the capabilities and applicability of the

Measurement Techniques for RF Nanoelectronics

January 20, 2014
Author(s)
Thomas M. Wallis, Luca Pierantoni
In 1882, in a lecture at the University of Leiden, Nobel prize-winner Heike Kammerlingh Onnes coined the motto: “Through Measurement to Knowledge” [1]. In that same lecture, he gave many historical examples of how measurements have fostered insight

Spectroscopy and imaging of edge modes in Permalloy nanodisks

January 3, 2013
Author(s)
Feng Guo, Lyubov Belova, Robert McMichael
This paper reports spectroscopy and imaging of spin wave modes using ferromagnetic resonance force microscopy (FMRFM) in Permalloy nano-disks with disk diameters that range from 100 nm to 750 nm. The ferromagnetic resonance spectra distinguish multiple

Polarized He-3 cell development and application at NIST

June 14, 2011
Author(s)
Thomas R. Gentile, WangChun Chen, Changbo Fu, Shannon Watson, Gordon L. Jones, J. W. McIver, D. R. Rich
Over a period of well over a decade, a large number and variety of polarized 3He cells for neutron applications have been developed and tested at the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). These cells have primarily been employed for
Displaying 1751 - 1775 of 2915
Was this page helpful?