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Physics

Optical physics and communications

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Displaying 351 - 375 of 861

Robust Extraction of Hyperbolic Metamaterial Permittivity using Total Internal Reflection Ellipsometry

June 20, 2018
Author(s)
Cheng Zhang, Nina Hong, Chengang Ji, Wenqi Zhu, Xi Chen, Amit K. Agrawal, Zhong Zhang, Tom E. Tiwald, Stefan Schoeche, James N. Hilfiker, L. Jay Guo, Henri J. Lezec
Hyperbolic metamaterials are optical materials characterized by highly anisotropic effective permittivity tensor components having opposite signs along orthogonal directions. The techniques currently employed for characterizing the optical properties of

Improving dielectric nanoresonator array coatings for solar cells

June 19, 2018
Author(s)
Dongheon Ha, Nikolai B. Zhitenev
We introduce single layer silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanosphere arrays as antireflection coatings (ARCs) on a gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cell. We make macro- and nanoscale experiments and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations to prove the

Characterisation of New Planar Radiometric Detectors using Carbon Nanotube Absorbers under Development at NIST

June 13, 2018
Author(s)
Malcolm G. White, Nathan A. Tomlin, Christopher S. Yung, Michelle S. Stephens, Ivan Ryger, Solomon I. Woods, John H. Lehman, Igor Vayshenker
Carbon nanotube technology, in conjunction with silicon micro-fabrication techniques, has enabled us to develop planar radiometric detectors, which has led to the establishment of a new generation of primary standards. The goal is to develop compact, fast

Short-wave infrared compressive imaging of single photons

June 6, 2018
Author(s)
Thomas Gerrits, Daniel Lum, Varun B. Verma, John Howell, Richard P. Mirin, Sae Woo Nam
We present a short-wave infrared (SWIR) single photon camera based on a single superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) and compressive imaging. We show SWIR single photon imaging at a megapixel resolution with a low signal-to-background

Imaging linear and circular polarization features in leaves with complete Mueller matrix polarimetry

June 1, 2018
Author(s)
C.H. L. Patty, David Luo, Frans Snik, Freek Ariese, Wybren J. Buma, Inge L. ten Kate, Rob J. van Spanning, William Sparks, Thomas Germer, Gy?z? Garab, Michael W. Kudenov
Spectropolarimetry of intact plant leaves allows to probe the molecular architecture of vegetation photosynthesis in a non-invasive and non-destructive way and, as such, can offer a wealth of physiological information. In addition to the molecular signals

Reduction of Short Wavelength Reflectance of Multi-wall Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes Through UV Laser Irradiation

May 29, 2018
Author(s)
Michelle S. Stephens, Brian J. Simonds, Christopher S. Yung, Davis R. Conklin, David J. Livigni, Alberto R. Oliva, John H. Lehman
Multi-wall carbon nanotube coatings are used as broadband, low-reflectance absorbers for bolometric applications, blackbody radiators, and for stray light control. Irradiation of single wall carbon nanotubes with UV laser light has been shown to remove

Using Temperature to Reduce Noise in Quantum Frequency Conversion

May 12, 2018
Author(s)
Paulina Kuo, Jason S. Pelc, Carsten Langrock, M. M. Fejer
A main source of noise in quantum frequency conversion is spontaneous Raman scattering, which can be reduced by lowering the operating temperature. We show reduction in dark count rates that agrees well with theory.

Bound electron nonlinearity beyond the ionization threshold

May 2, 2018
Author(s)
Jared K. Wahlstrand, Sina Zahedpour, Anand Bahl, Miroslav Kolesik, H M. Milchberg
Although high field laser-induced ionization is a fundamental process at the root of many applications, there have been no absolute measurements of its transient rate. Such information is crucial, for example, for understanding the propagation of high

Using Temperature to Reduce Noise in Quantum Frequency Conversion

April 23, 2018
Author(s)
Paulina S. Kuo, Jason S. Pelc, Carsten Langrock, M. M. Fejer
Quantum frequency conversion (QFC) is important in quantum networks to interface nodes operating at different wavelengths and to enable long-distance quantum communication using telecommunications wavelengths. Unfortunately, frequency conversion in actual

Refined Calculations of Synchrotron Radiation for NISTs SURF III Facility

April 16, 2018
Author(s)
Eric L. Shirley, Mitchell L. Furst, Uwe Arp
We have developed a new method for exact calculation of synchrotron radiation for the National Institute of Standards and Technology Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility, SURF III. Instead of using the Schwinger formula, which is only an

Candidates to Replace R-12 as a Radiating Gas in Cherenkov Detectors

April 14, 2018
Author(s)
Allan H. Harvey, Yauheni Paulechka, Patrick F. Egan
Dichlorodifluoromethane (R-12) has been used as a radiating gas in pressure threshold Cherenkov detectors for high-energy particle physics. However, that ozone-depleting compound is becoming unavailable due to the Montreal Protocol. To find a replacement

Wideband infrared trap detector based upon doped silicon photocurrent devices

April 9, 2018
Author(s)
Solomon I. Woods, James E. Proctor, Timothy M. Jung, Adriaan C. Carter, Dana R. Defibaugh, Jorge Neira
We have designed, fabricated and measured infrared trapping detectors made from arsenic-doped silicon (Si:As) blocked impurity band (BIB) photodetectors. These trap detectors are composed of two detectors in a wedge geometry, with an entrance aperture

Deuterated silicon nitride photonic devices for broadband optical frequency comb generation

March 26, 2018
Author(s)
Jeffrey T. Chiles, Nima Nader, Daniel D. Hickstein, Su Peng Yu, Travis Briles, David R. Carlson, Hojoong Jung, Jeffrey M. Shainline, Scott A. Diddams, Scott B. Papp, Sae Woo Nam, Richard P. Mirin
We report and characterize low-temperature, plasma-deposited deuterated silicon nitride films for nonlinear integrated photonics. With a peak processing temperature less than 300°C, it is back-end compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor

Enhancing optical microscopy illumination to enable quantitative imaging

March 18, 2018
Author(s)
Emil Agocs, Ravikiran Attota
There has been an increasing push to derive quantitative measurements using optical microscopes. While several aspects of microscopy have been identified to enhance quantitative imaging, non- uniform angular illumination asymmetry (ANILAS) across the field

Versatile silicon-waveguide supercontinuum for coherent mid-infrared spectroscopy

March 6, 2018
Author(s)
Nima Nader, Daniel Maser, Flavio Caldas da Cruz, Abijith S. Kowligy, Henry R. Timmers, Jeffrey T. Chiles, Connor D. Fredrick, Daron A. Westly, Richard P. Mirin, Jeffrey M. Shainline, Scott A. Diddams
Infrared spectroscopy is a powerful tool for basic and applied science. The rich “spectral fingerprints” of compounds in the 3 um - 20 um region provide a means to uniquely identify the molecular structure for applications that include fundamental
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