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Metrology

Electrical / electromagnetic metrology

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Displaying 226 - 250 of 470

Performance of a Cryocooled Nb DC Programmable Voltage Standard at 4 K

December 3, 2007
Author(s)
Robert J. Webber, Charles J. Burroughs, Masoud Radparvar
We report on the performance of a 1 Volt DC programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) operating on a commercially available Gifford-McMahon (G-M) cryocooler at 4 K. The NIST-fabricated niobium superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) junction

Uncertainty budget for the NIST Electron Counting Capacitance Standard, ECCS- 1

November 21, 2007
Author(s)
Mark W. Keller, Neil M. Zimmerman, Ali L. Eichenberger
We measure a cryogenic, vacuum-gap capacitor by two methods: 1) charging it with a known number of electrons and measuring the resulting voltage, and 2) using a capacitance bridge traceable to the SI farad. We report a detailed uncertainty budget for the

ACJVS Operating Margins using a Ternary Arbitrary Bitstream Generator

June 22, 2007
Author(s)
Ernest Houtzager, Samuel Benz, Helko vanden Brom
In this paper we present measurements with a pulse-driven AC Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) that uses a ternary arbitrary bitstream generator as the bias source. From these measurements we conclude that the circuit is operational for voltages up to 220

Design of SNS Josephson Arrays for High Voltage Applications

June 4, 2007
Author(s)
Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz, Charles J. Burroughs, Norman F. Bergren, Yonuk Chong
The voltage from a single, microwave-biased Josephson junction is a small quantity; thus useful voltages are only generated through series arrays of many thousands of junctions. Arrays of superconductor-normal metal-superconductor junctions have been

A 14-pixel, multiplexed array of gamma-ray microcalorimeters with 47 eV energy resolution at 103 keV

May 9, 2007
Author(s)
W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Joel Ullom, James A. Beall, William Duncan, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Rob Horansky, Kent D. Irwin, John Mates, Carl D. Reintsema, Leila R. Vale, Yizi Xu, Barry L. Zink, Andrew Hoover, Michael W. Rabin, Clifford R. Rudy, Duc Vo
We present a prototype for a high-energy-resolution, high-count-rate, gamma-ray spectrometer intended for nuclear forensics and international nuclear safeguards. The prototype spectrometer is an array of 14 transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters with an

Thermal Stability of Nb/a-NbxSi1-x/Nb Josephson Junctions

February 16, 2007
Author(s)
Burm Baek, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz
As a high resistivity normal metal barrier for superconducting Josephson junctions, metal-silicon alloys appear to be a good replacement for noble metals and have been applied to the development of quantum voltage standard circuits. We observed that the

Development of a 60 Hz Power Standard using SNS Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards

July 14, 2006
Author(s)
Charles J. Burroughs, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus, Yonuk Chong, Bryan C. Waltrip, Thomas L. Nelson, J. Williams
We are implementing a new standard for 60 Hz mains power based on precision sinusoidal reference voltages from two independent Programmable Josephson Voltage Standards (PJVS) (one for voltage and one for current). Our NIST PJVS systems are based on

VARIABILITY OF CHARGE NOISE IN Al-BASED SET TRANSISTORS

July 14, 2006
Author(s)
Mark W. Keller, Blaise Jeanneret, Joe Aumentado
We measured the charge noise of four Al-based SET transistors on multiple cooldowns. We found a consistent 1/f component independent of thermal cycling and other treatments, but large variations in the total noise spectrum due to two-level fluctuators.

100 mV AC-DC Transfer Standard Measurements Using An AC Josephson Voltage Standard

June 1, 2006
Author(s)
Charles J. Burroughs, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus
NIST is implementing the Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer as an ac Josephson Voltage Standard (ACJVS). Over the past few years we have demonstrated precision measurements of synthesized sine waves at rms voltage amplitudes up to 170 mV. The system

Fabrication and Measurement of Tall Stacked Arrays of SNS Josephson Junctions

June 1, 2005
Author(s)
Nicolas Hadacek, Paul Dresselhaus, Yonuk Chong, Samuel Benz, John E. Bonevich
We have made tall, uniform stacked Josephson junction arrays by developing an etch process using an inductively coupled plasma etcher. This process produces vertical profiles in thin-film multilayers of alternating superconducting and normal metals. Such a

Nonequilibrium Quasiparticles and Periodicity in Single-Cooper-Pair Transistors

February 13, 2004
Author(s)
Joe Aumentado, Mark W. Keller, John M. Martinis, Michel H. Devoret
We have made single-Cooper-pair transistors in which we control the spatial profile of the superconducting gap energy by oxygen doping. The profile dramatically affects the switching current vs. gate voltage curve of the transistor, changing its period

Time-Domain Measurements of Radiated and Conducted Ultrawideband Emissions

November 16, 2003
Author(s)
Robert T. Johnk, David R. Novotny, Chriss A. Grosvenor, Seturnino Canales, Jason Veneman
This paper summarizes results obtained from time-domain full-bandwidth emissions measurements of selected ultrawideband (UWB) transmitting devices. Brief descriptions of two NIST-developed measurement systems are provided. High-fidelity time-domain

Expanding Definitions of Gain by Taking Harmonic Content into Account

September 1, 2003
Author(s)
Jeffrey Jargon, Kuldip Gupta, Alessandro Cidronali, Donald C. DeGroot
We expand the definitions of power gain, transducer gain, and available gain by taking harmonic content into account. Furthermore, we show that under special conditions, these expanded definitions of gain can be expressed in terms of nonlinear large-signal

A Bridge for Scaling to Higher Resistance from the QHR

August 21, 2003
Author(s)
Randolph Elmquist, Dean G. Jarrett
A two-terminal bridge for resistance scaling directly from the quantum Hall resistance (QHR) to higher-resistance values now provides a secondary starting point in decade scaling at NIST, beginning at the 1 M(Ohm) resistance level. This cryogenic bridge

Stacked SNS Josephson Junctions for Quantum Voltage Applications

July 11, 2003
Author(s)
Paul Dresselhaus, Yonuk Chong, Samuel Benz
NIST is using SNS Josephson junctions as the basis of quantum voltage metrology. Planar junction technology limits the voltage and bandwidth of these systems due to parasitic inductances and the transit time of waveforms through the transmission line. By

4K Cryocooler Implementation of a DC Programmable Voltage Standard

June 1, 2003
Author(s)
Charles J. Burroughs, Robert J. Webber, Paul Dresselhaus, Samuel Benz
NIST and Hypres, Inc. have been collaborating to develop a 1 Volt DC programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) that operates on a closed-cycle refrigerator. The goal of this work is to construct a platform that will allow the chip to work at 4 K

Stacked SNS Josephson Junction Arrays for Quantum Voltage Standards

June 1, 2003
Author(s)
Paul Dresselhaus, Yonuk Chong, J. Plantenberg, Samuel Benz
NIST is using and developing superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson arrays for both programmable DC and AC voltage standards. Increasing the output voltage is difficult because the output voltage per junction is small; hence series

VNA Calibration Software Manual

June 1, 2003
Author(s)
Dylan Williams, Jack Wang, Uwe Arz
This software algorithm combines a decade of experience in applying orthogonal distance regression and other iterative techniques to solving vector-network-analyzer (VNA) calibrations. The new software features a robust algorithm capable of finding

The IEEE Standard on Transitions, Pulses, and Related Waveforms, Std-181

May 1, 2003
Author(s)
Nicholas Paulter, Donald R. Larson, Jerome J. Blair
The IEEE has revised the now withdrawn IEEE standards on pulse techniques and definitions. This revision includes adding and deleting definitions, clarifying existing definitions, providing examples of different waveform types, updating text to reflect

AC Josephson Voltage Standard Error Measurements and Analysis

April 1, 2003
Author(s)
Charles J. Burroughs, Samuel Benz, Paul Dresselhaus
The Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer can be used as a precision voltage source for both ac and dc signals. Recent improvements in circuit designs have resulted in output voltages greater than 100 mVrms so that we can investigate ac metrology
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