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Materials

Ceramics

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Displaying 1026 - 1050 of 1323

Rapid Calculation of X-Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Using Parallel Computation

December 1, 2001
Author(s)
Charles E. Bouldin, June E. Sims, Howard Hung, J J. Rehr, A L. Ankudinov
Modeling x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) requires computationally intensive calculations. We show that parallel processing reduces the time required for XANES calculations by a factor of up to 50 over desktop computers. Parallel processing is

The 2001 Annual Meeting of the American Crystallographic Association

November 6, 2001
Author(s)
Alan D. Mighell
The annual meeting of the American Crystallographic Association was held in Los Angeles, California, July 2126, 2001. The scientific sessions and the exhibit show were held in the Westin Bonaventure Hotel in downtownLos Angeles. The meeting was well

High Pressure X-Ray Crystallography With the Diamond Cell at NIST/NBS

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
Gasper J. Piermarini
Scientists in the Crystallography Section at NIST/NBS made several outstanidng contributions greatly influencing the development and advancement of high pressure x-ray crystallography during the second-half of the 20th century. These milestone achievements

JCPDS-ICDD Research Associateship (Cooperative Program With NBS/NIST)

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, H F. McMurdie, C R. Hubbard, Alan D. Mighell
The Research Associateship Program of the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction -International Centre for Diffraction Data (JCPDS-ICDD, now known as the ICDD) at NBS/NIST was a long-standing (over 35 years), successful, industry-government cooperation. The

NIST Materials Properties Databases for Advanced Ceramics

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
R G. Munro
The NIST Ceramics Division maintains two materials property databases on the physical, mechanical, thermal, and other properties of high temperature superconductors and structural ceramics. Crystallographic data are featured prominently among the physical

Phase Equilibria and Crystallography of Ceramic Oxides

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, Robert S. Roth, Terrell A. Vanderah, H F. McMurdie
Research in phase equilibria and crystallography has been a tradition in the Ceramics Division at NIST since the early thirties. In the early years, effort was concentrated in areas of Portland cement, ceramic glazes and glasses, instrument bearings and

Polyelectrolyte Adsorption on Hydroxyapatite

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
Vincent A. Hackley
Hydroxyapatite (HAP) belongs to a family of structurally and chemically related, sparingly soluble calcium phosphate (CP) salts [1], and is the structural prototype for the principal mineral component of bone and teeth [2]. Well-defined synthetic HAP has

Polymers in Particulate Systems: Properties and Applications

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
Vincent A. Hackley, P Somasundaran, J A. Lewis
Soluble polymers are key additives for a broad range of industrial and biomedical applications, including advanced ceramics, mineral separations, high performance cement, and bioceramic coatings and composites. Such species find widespread use as

Quasicrystals

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
John W. Cahn
The discretely diffracting aperiodic crystals termed quasicrystals, discovery at NBS in the early 1980s, have led to much interdisciplinary activity involving mainly materials science, physics, mathematics, and crystalography. It led to a new understanding

Standard Reference Material (SRM 1990) for Single Crystal Diffractometer Alignment

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng, T Siegrist, G DeTitta, L Finger, H Evans, E Gabe, G Enright, J T. Armstrong, M Levenson, Lawrence P. Cook, C R. Hubbard
Through extensive international collaborations, a standard reference material, SRM 1990 (a set of 3500 units of Cr-doped Al2O3, or ruby sphere) for single crystal diffractometer alignment has been certified at NIST after a successful international round

VAMAS: Accomplishments and Future Directions

November 1, 2001
Author(s)
Stephen W. Freiman, E A. Early
The Versailles Project on Advanced Materials and Standards (VAMAS) was created in 1982 to support trade through international collaboration in pre-standards research in advanced materials. VAMAS has become self-sustaining through Memoranda of Understanding

Comparisons of Calculated and Measured Flaw Sizes

October 1, 2001
Author(s)
George D. Quinn, J Swab
Fracture mechanics often is applied in fractographic analyses in order to verigy that the correct feature has been identified as the fracture origin. This step has been codified in ASTM Standard C1322-96, Standard Practice for the Characterization of

Fractographic Analysis of Machining Cracks in Silicon Nitride Rods and Bars

October 1, 2001
Author(s)
George D. Quinn, L K. Ives, S Jahanmir, P Koshy
A new fixture for flexural strength testing was used to evaluate the effects of machining on the flexural strength of a toughened sintered reaction-bonded silicon nitride. Different grinding procedures had various effects upon the flexure strength

Role of Flaw Statistics in Contact Fracture of Brittle Coatings

October 1, 2001
Author(s)
P Miranda, Antonia Pajares, F Guiberteau, F Cumbrera, Brian R. Lawn
A flaw statistics analysis is here developed to account for systematic differences between experimentally observed and theoretically predicted critical loads for the initiation of contact-induced radial cracks in brittle coatings on compliant substrates

Standards for Reliability Testing of Heavy Vehicle

October 1, 2001
Author(s)
S Jahanmir, James F. Kelly, William E. Luecke
The objective of this project is to develop international standard test methods for assessing the reliability of ceramic components used in diesel engines and other heavy vehicle propulsion systems. Advanced ceramics such as silicon nitrides offer unique

Using X-Ray Topography to Study Fracture of Single-Crystal Ceramics

October 1, 2001
Author(s)
David R. Black, Robert S. Polvani, George D. Quinn
X-ray topography provides a unique view of the surfaces of single-crystal samples, both before and after fracture. The diffraction topograph, which is sensitive to local strain and/or crystallographic orientation, can be used to inspect samples prior to

The 2000 Material Research Society (MRS) Fall Meeting Report

September 27, 2001
Author(s)
Winnie K. Wong-Ng
Keeping with tradition, the 2000 MRS annual meeting again took place in Boston Copely Plaza from November 27 to December 1. The 2000 meeting was well organized and well attended, with a total of 4600 attendees representing industrial, academic, and

Sapphire Statistical Strength Characterization

September 7, 2001
Author(s)
D R. McClure, R W. Cayse, S Goodrich, D McCullum, D C. Harris, K Lagerlof, C E. Patty, D H. Platus, Robert S. Polvani, David R. Black
Approximately 1400 4-point flexure specimens were tested at 300 K to 873 K to establish an engineering database for the strength of sapphire. Coupons represented material used for two missile windows and one missile dome. For one window, coupons were
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