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Many additive manufacturing (AM) processes are driven by a moving heat source. Thermal field evolution during the manufacturing process plays an important role in determining both geometric and mechanical properties of the fabricated parts. Thermal
Paul Witherell, Byeong-Min Roh, Soundar Kumara, Timothy Simpson
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a layer-by-layer material deposition process that allows for more manufacturing flexibility and design complexity than traditional manufacturing processes. However, the print quality in metal AM is hard to be predicted and
Jordan Weaver, Alec Schlenoff, David Deisenroth, Shawn P. Moylan
Laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing technology that uses a laser to selectively melt powder feedstock to build parts in a layer-by-layer process. For metals-based LBPF additive manufacturing, the interaction of the laser and powder
Unmelted titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) feedstock powder oxidizes during powder-bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM), which limits the useful lifetime of a batch of powder and affects the overall AM process cost. Critical understanding of key factors
Maxwell R. Praniewicz, Massimiliano Ferrucci, Jason Fox, Christopher Saldana
X-ray computed tomography (CT) enables the non-destructive measurement of hidden internal features that are inaccessible by tactile or optical coordinate measuring systems. This makes CT the technology of choice for inspecting complex components made by
Jacob Gatlin, Sofia Belikovetsky, Yuval Elovici, Anthony Skjellum, Joshua Lubell, Paul Witherell, Mark Yampolskiy
Outsourced Additive Manufacturing (AM) exposes sensitive design data to external malicious actors. Even with end-to-end encryption between the design owner and 3D-printer, side-channel attacks can be used to bypass cyber-security measures and obtain the
Felix Kim, Shawn P. Moylan, Thien Q. Phan, Edward Garboczi
Insufficient data are available to fully understand the effects of metal additive manufacturing (AM) defects for widespread adoption of the emerging technology. Characterization of failure processes of complex internal geometries and defects in metal AM
Background: Near-surface or sub-surface pores are critical to the structural integrity of additively manufactured (AM) parts, especially in fatigue failure applications. However, their formation in laser powder bed fusion is not well-understood due to the
Metal additive manufacturing provides a larger design space with accompanying manufacturability than traditional manufacturing. Recently, much research has focused on simulating the process with regards to part geometry, porosity, and microstructure
Jason Fox, Angela Allen, Brigid Mullany, Ed Morse, Romaine Isaacs, Marc Lata, Aarush Sood, Christopher Evans
Prior analyses of surface measurements performed – by several groups – on laser powder bed fused metals have tended to use ISO standard short wavelength filters and focus on weld tracks, "chevrons" (melt pool wake), and particles. This work, utilizing two
Kuldeep Mandloi, Christopher Evans, Jason Fox, Harish Cherukuri, Jimmie Miller, Angela Allen, David Deisenroth, Alkan Donmez
Metal additive manufacturing (AM) offers the possibility of incorporating cooling channels into components in high-temperature applications. Additionally, it has the prospect of optimizing cooling channel geometry unconstrained by geometric limitations of
Maxwell R. Praniewicz, Gaurav Ameta, Jason Fox, Christopher Saldana
This work explores impact of refined surface registrations of voxel and point cloud data sets on accuracy of multi-method qualification of additively manufactured (AM) lattices. Voxel and point cloud sets of an AM lattice were aligned using derived
Maxwell Praniewicz, Jason Fox, Gaurav Ameta, Felix Kim, Paul Witherell, Christopher Saldana
The use of lattice structures produced using additive manufacturing (AM) is of great interest to the aerospace and medical industries because of their potential for strength/weight optimization. However, their use is often limited due to challenges in
Yosep Oh, Michael Sharp, Timothy A. Sprock, Soonjo Kwon
Additive Manufacturing (AM) has brought positive opportunities with phenomenal changes to traditional manufacturing. Consistent efforts and novel studies into AM use have resolved critical issues in manufacturing and broadened technical boundaries. Build
David Deisenroth, Sergey Mekhontsev, Brandon Lane, Leonard M. Hanssen, Ivan Zhirnov, Vladimir Khromchenko, Steven Grantham, Daniel Cardenas-Garcia, Alkan Donmez
This paper describes advances in measuring the characteristic spatial distribution of surface temperature and emissivity during laser-metal interaction under conditions relevant for laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufacturing processes. Detailed
The National Institute of Standards and Technology developed a facility titled the Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed to advance the research in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processes. The testbed adopted an open control architecture which allows
Saina Abolmaali, Alexander Vinel, Jason Fox, Jia Liu, Daniel Silva, Nima Shamsaei
Surface roughness is an important characteristic of additively manufactured parts, as it can impact various mechanical properties, such as friction or fatigue life. Further, surface roughness can change significantly depending on a number of factors: part
Jordan Weaver, Adam L. Pintar, Carlos R. Beauchamp, Howard Joress, Kil-Won Moon, Thien Q. Phan
High-throughput experiments that use combinatorial samples with rapid measurements can be used to provide process-structure-property information at reduced time, cost, and effort. Developing these tools and methods is essential in additive manufacturing
Sourav Saha, Orion Kafka, Ye Lu, Cheng Yu, Wing Kam Liu
Design of additively manufactured metallic parts requires computational models that can predict the mechanical response of parts considering the microstructural, manufacturing, and operating conditions. The article discusses the authors' response to Air
Hyunseop Park, Hyunwoong Ko, Yung-Tsun Lee, Shaw C. Feng, Paul Witherell, Hyunbo Cho
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is becoming data-intensive. The ability to identify Data Analytics (DA) opportunities for effective use of AM data becomes a critical factor in the success of AM. To successfully identify high-potential DA opportunities in AM
Embedded 3D printing, wherein fluid inks are extruded into a bath, has enabled the manufacture of complex, custom structures ranging from cell-laden tissue analogues to soft robotics. This method encompasses two techniques: embedded ink writing (EIW)
The potential significance of FAIR data is hard to overstate, but equally hard to prove in totality. FAIR data can change the paradigm for research and development, qualification/certification, and acquisition, sustainment in AM. We can predict the
Advanced laser based additive manufacturing, such as laser powder bed fusion, promise to revolutionize 3D metal printing. However, a challenge remains in controlling pore generating turbulence. Printed parts with pore defects can fail quality certification
Justin G. Whiting, Vipin Tondare, Shawn P. Moylan, Alkan Donmez
We describe a simple device called Standard Spreadability Tester (SST). The idea behind the SST is that instead of trying to predict how a powder will spread using the powder's intrinsic properties (e.g., PSD, morphology, surface, and chemical makeup) or
Ruimin Chen, Yan Lu, Paul Witherell, Timothy Simpson, Soundar Kumara, Hui Yang
Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the creation of complex geometries that are difficult to realize using conventional manufacturing techniques. Advanced sensing is increasingly being used to improve AM processes, and installing different sensors onto AM