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Forensic Science

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Displaying 276 - 300 of 540

Measurements and Scoring Procedures for Footwear Impression Comparisons

December 16, 2016
Author(s)
Martin Herman
A software system under development at NIST, called SHOECALC, will be described. It is designed to help both researchers and footwear examiners in the assessment of metrics or scoring procedures that provide objective characterizations of correspondences

Recommendation: Closed Circuit Television(CCTV) Digital Video Export Profile - Level 0

December 12, 2016
Author(s)
Michael Garris, Mary T. Laamanen, Craig S. Russell, Lawrence D. Nadel
This document is a recommendation prescribing a data interchange format for the syntactic representation of information needed to achieve a base "Level 0" of interoperability when exporting and processing video recordings captured by closed circuit

NIST Ballistics Toolmark Research Database

December 5, 2016
Author(s)
Xiaoyu Alan Zheng, Johannes A. Soons, Robert M. Thompson
The NIST Ballistics Toolmark Research Database (NBTRD) is an open-access research database of bullet and cartridge case toolmark data. The development of the database is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Justice's National Institute of Justice. The

Introduction to CFTT and CFReDS Projects at NIST

October 3, 2016
Author(s)
Jungheum Park, James R. Lyle, Barbara Guttman
Along with the development and propagation of Information & Communication Technology (ICT), digital evidence becomes more common and crucial to solving various types of cases. In this environment, there have been a lot of activities to research and develop

A Probabilistic Network Forensics Model for Evidence Analysis

September 20, 2016
Author(s)
Changwei Liu, Anoop Singhal, Duminda Wijesekera
Modern-day attackers tend to use sophisticated multi-stage/multi-host attack techniques and anti-forensics tools to cover their attack traces. Due to the current limitations of intrusion detection and forensic analysis tools, reconstructing attack

DNA Commission of the International Society for Forensic Genetics: Recommendations on the validation of software programs performing biostatistical calculations for forensic genetics applications

September 4, 2016
Author(s)
Michael D. Coble, John S. Buckleton, John M. Butler, Barbara Guttman
The use of biostatistical software programs to assist in data interpretation and calculate likelihood ratios is essential to forensic geneticists and part of the daily case work flow for both kinship and DNA identification laboratories. Previous

Evaluation of Forensic DNA Mixture Evidence: Guidelines for Evaluation, Interpretation, and Statistical Calculations using the Combined Probability of Inclusion

August 31, 2016
Author(s)
Frederick R. Bieber, John Buckleton, Bruce Budowle, John Butler, Michael D. Coble
The evaluation and interpretation of forensic DNA mixture evidence faces greater interpretational challenges due to increasingly complex mixture evidence. Such challenges include: casework involving low quantity or degraded evidence leading to allele and

Is the Factor of 10 Still Applicable Today?

July 13, 2016
Author(s)
Simone N. Gittelson, John S. Buckleton
The assignment of the weight of DNA evidence depends on a number of factors (allele probability estimates, the population genetic model used, the value of the coancestry coefficient, etc.). One of these factors is the allele probability estimates from a

Recent Activities of the National Commission on Forensic Science

July 1, 2016
Author(s)
John Butler
In February 2013, the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) announced a partnership that included formation of the National Commission on Forensic Science (NCFS) and what is now the Organization of

Expected net gain data of low-template DNA analyses

May 30, 2016
Author(s)
Simone N. Gittelson, Carolyn R. Steffen, Michael D. Coble
Low-template DNA analyses are affected by stochastic effects which can produce a configuration of peaks in the electropherogram (EPG) that is different from the genotype of the DNA's donor. A probabilistic and decision-theoretic model can quantify the

Low-template DNA: A single DNA analysis or two replicates?

April 18, 2016
Author(s)
Simone N. Gittelson, Carolyn R. Steffen, Michael D. Coble
This study investigates the following two questions: (i) Should the DNA analyst concentrate the DNA extract into a single amplification or should he/she split it up to do two replicates? (ii) Given the electropherogram obtained from a first analysis, is it

Uranium Ion Yields from Monodisperse Uranium Oxide Particles

February 24, 2016
Author(s)
Nicholas E. Sharp, John D. Fassett, David S. Simons
Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) plays an important role in nuclear forensics through its ability to identify isotopic ratios of particles accurately and precisely from samples obtained by inspectors [1]. As the particle mass can be on the order of

Topography measurements and applications in ballistics and tool mark identifications

December 17, 2015
Author(s)
Theodore V. Vorburger, Jun-Feng Song, Nicholas D. Petraco
The application of surface topography measurement methods to the field of firearm and toolmark analysis is fairly new. The field has been boosted by the development of a number of competing optical methods which has improved the speed and accuracy of
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