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Forensic Science

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Displaying 301 - 325 of 540

NIJ Funding: Supporting Scientists, Supporting Innovation

December 1, 2015
Author(s)
John Butler
In this invited submission to the NIJ Journal, I reflect on the role that National Institute of Justice (NIJ) funding has played in my career in forensic science. Early experiences at the FBI Laboratory are discussed along with the benefits of

Sequence variation of 22 autosomal STR loci detected by next generation sequencing

December 1, 2015
Author(s)
Katherine Gettings, Kevin M. Kiesler, Seth A. Faith, Elizabeth Montano, Christine H. Baker, Brian A. Young, Richard A. Guerreri, Peter Vallone
Sequencing short tandem repeat (STR) loci allows for determination of repeat motif variations within the STR (or entire PCR amplicon) which cannot be ascertained by size-based PCR fragment analysis. Sanger sequencing has been used in research laboratories

Dimensional Review of Scales for Forensic Photography

November 25, 2015
Author(s)
Massimiliano Ferrucci, Theodore D. Doiron, Robert M. Thompson, John Jones, Adam J. Freeman, Janice A. Neiman
Scales for forensic photography provide a geometrical reference in the photographic documentation of a crime scene. A common scale used by investigators is a plastic, L-shaped ruler that allows for a dimensional reference in the photographic documentation

HOW OLD IS IT? - 241PU/AMNUCLEAR FORENSIC CHRONOLOGY REFERENCE MATERIALS

October 27, 2015
Author(s)
Ryan P. Fitzgerald, Kenneth G. Inn
One material attribute for nuclear forensics is material age. 241Pu is almost always present in uranium- and plutonium-based nuclear weapons, which pose the greatest threat to our security. The in-growth of 241Am due to the decay of 241Pu provides an

NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework: Volume 4, Security and Privacy

October 22, 2015
Author(s)
Wo L. Chang, Arnab Roy, Mark Underwood, NBD-PWG NIST Big Data Public Working Group
Big Data is a term used to describe the large amount of data in the networked, digitized, sensor-laden, information-driven world. While opportunities exist with Big Data, the data can overwhelm traditional technical approaches and the growth of data is

Poster:A Logic Based Network Forensics Model for Evidence Analysis

October 15, 2015
Author(s)
Anoop Singhal, Changwei Liu, Duminda Wijesekera
Modern-day attackers tend to use sophisticated multi-stage/multi-host attack techniques and anti-forensics tools to cover their attack traces. Due to the current limitations of intrusion detection and forensic analysis tools, reconstructing attack

Sequence-based Analysis of Stutter at STR Loci: Characterization and Utility

September 23, 2015
Author(s)
Rachel A. Aponte, Katherine Gettings, David L. Duewer, Michael D. Coble, Peter Vallone
The development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies creates the potential for changing the method by which the forensic science community genotypes short tandem repeat (STR) loci. While the capabilities of NGS are promising, moving from

Development of a Chemically Relevant Artificial Fingerprint Material

September 16, 2015
Author(s)
Edward Sisco, Jessica L. Staymates, Katherine Schilling, John Gillen
The development of a chemically relevant artificial fingerprint material as well as a preliminary method for fingerprint deposition is discussed herein. More specifically the improvement of an artificial sweat material, an artificial sebaceous material

Establishing Traceability to NIST SRM 2391c: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard

September 16, 2015
Author(s)
Carolyn R. Steffen, Margaret C. Kline, David L. Duewer, Peter Vallone
The NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2391c: PCR-Based DNA Profiling Standard was updated in April 2015 to contain new information relevant to the forensic community. Previously, there were certified genotypes for 24 autosomal STR markers plus

Rapid DNA Maturity Assessment

September 10, 2015
Author(s)
Erica L. Romsos, Sanae Lembirick, Peter Vallone
Two fully integrated rapid DNA platforms were tested as a part of a rapid DNA maturity assessment in the fall of 2014. The assessment was conducted with sets of blinded single-source reference samples to gauge the typing success of the current rapid DNA

Measuring Systematic and Random Error in Digital Forensics

July 24, 2015
Author(s)
Alexander J. Nelson, Simson L. Garfinkel
Recognized sources of error in digital forensics include systematic errors arising from implementation errors, and random errors resulting from faulty equipment. But as digital forensic techniques expand to include statistical machine learning, another

Analysis of the Boundary Conditions of the Spline Filter

July 21, 2015
Author(s)
D Ott, Hao H. Zhang, Daniel B. Ott, Xuezeng Zhao, Jun-Feng Song
The spline filter is a standard linear profile filter recommended by ISO/TS 16610-22 (2006). The primary advantage of the spline filter is that no end-effects occur as a result of the filter. The ISO standard also provides the tension parameter β=0.62524

Uncertainty in the number of contributors in the proposed new CODIS set

July 17, 2015
Author(s)
Michael D. Coble, Jo-Anne Bright, John S. Buckleton, James Curran
The probability that multiple contributors are detected within a forensic DNA profile improves as more highly polymorphic loci are analysed. The assignment of the correct number of contributors to a profile is important when interpreting the DNA profiles

A simple and fast spline filtering algorithm for surface metrology

July 14, 2015
Author(s)
Hao H. Zhang, Daniel B. Ott, Jun-Feng Song, D Ott, Wei Chu
The spline filters and the corresponding robust filters are commonly used filters recommended in ISO standards for surface evaluation. Generally, these linear and non-linear spline filters, composed of symmetric, positive-definite matrices, are always

STR Allele Sequence Variation: Current Knowledge and Future Issues

July 6, 2015
Author(s)
Katherine Gettings, Rachel A. Aponte, Peter Vallone, John M. Butler
This article reviews what is currently known about short tandem repeat (STR) allelic sequence variation in and around the twenty-four loci most commonly used throughout the world to perform forensic DNA investigations. These STR loci include D1S1656, TPOX

The Future of Forensic DNA Analysis

June 22, 2015
Author(s)
John M. Butler
The author's thoughts and opinions on where the field of forensic DNA testing is headed for the next decade are provided in the context of where the field has come over the past 30 years. Like the Olympic motto of "faster, higher, stronger", forensic DNA
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