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Energy

Alternative energy

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Displaying 326 - 350 of 379

Molecular Order in High-Efficiency Polymer/Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells

September 22, 2011
Author(s)
Matthew R. Hammond, Regis J. Kline, Andrew A. Herzing, Lee J. Richter, David Germack, Hyun W. Ro, Christopher L. Soles, Daniel A. Fischer, Tao Xu, Luping Yu, Michael F. Toney, Dean M. DeLongchamp
We report quantitative measurements of ordering, molecular orientation, and nanoscale morphology in the active layer of bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic cells based on a thieno[3,4-b]thiophene-alt-benzodithiophene copolymer (PTB7), which has been

Electron-exchange assisted photon energy up-conversion in thin films of ?-conjugated polymeric composites

August 4, 2011
Author(s)
Panagiotis Keivanidis, Frederic Laquai, Joseph W. Robertson, Baluschev Stanislav, Josemon Jacob, Klaus Mullen, Gerhard Wegner
The mechanism of triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) induced up-converted delayed luminescence is studied in two different binary organic systems consisting of platinum(II) octaethyl porphyrin mixed with either poly(fluorene) (PF26) or ladder-type

Imaging of nanoscale charge transport in bulk heterojunction solar cells

June 17, 2011
Author(s)
Behrang H. Hamadani, Nadine E. Gergel-Hackett, Paul M. Haney, Nikolai B. Zhitenev
We have studied the local charge transport properties of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells based on the blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with a photoconductive atomic force microscope (PCAFM). We

PDH-locked, frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer

June 16, 2011
Author(s)
Joseph T. Hodges, A. Cygan, Piotr Maslowski, Katarzyna E. Bielska, S. Wojtewicz, J. Domyslawska, Hisashi Abe, R.S. Trawinski, R. Ciurylo
We describe a high sensitivity and high spectral resolution laser absorption spectrometer based upon the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy (FS-CRDS) technique. We used the Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH) method to lock the probe laser to the high

MODELING OF U.S. CORN ETHANOL INDUSTRIAL GROWTH

April 13, 2011
Author(s)
Deogratias Kibira, Guodong Shao, Stephen Nowak
The production capacity of corn ethanol as a transportation fuel is experiencing rapid growth in the United States. The demand is driven by increased prices of gasoline, government mandates, incentives, desire for cleaner fuels, and the need to achieve

Pressure Controlled Advanced Distillation Curve Analysis on Biodiesel Fuels

March 27, 2011
Author(s)
Bret Windom, Tara M. Lovestead, Thomas J. Bruno
Biodiesel fuel is an alternative fuel that can be derived from a number of renewable feedstocks including plant and vegetable oils, algae, animal fats, waste oils, etc. The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profile, and thus the resultant properties, of the

Neutron Imaging of Lithium Concentration in Battery Pouch Cells

March 23, 2011
Author(s)
Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Jason B. Siegel, C. D. Stefan, Xinfan Lin, David Gorsich
This paper shows how neutron radiography can be used for in situ quantification of the lithium concentration across battery electrodes, a critical physical system state. The change in lithium concentration between the charged and discharged states of the

First-principles Study of Defect Migration in RE-doped Ceria (RE = Pr, Gd)

February 2, 2011
Author(s)
Pratik Dholabhai, James B. Adams, Peter A. Crozier, Renu Sharma
Oxygen vacancy formation and migration in ceria (CeO2) is central to its performance as an ionic conductor. Ceria doped with suitable aliovalent dopants has enhanced oxygen ion conductivity - higher than that of yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), the most

Equations of State on Demand: Application for Surrogate Fuel Development

January 15, 2011
Author(s)
Marcia L. Huber, Thomas J. Bruno, Robert D. Chirico, Vladimir Diky, Andrei F. Kazakov, Eric W. Lemmon, Chris D. Muzny, Michael D. Frenkel
The NIST ThermoData Engine (TDE) is a large electronic database containing experimental data with detailed descriptions of relevant metadata and uncertainties that incorporates expert- system software to automatically generate dynamically evaluated data

Influence of substrate on crystallization in polythiophene/fullerene blends

January 13, 2011
Author(s)
Lee J. Richter, Christine He, David Germack, R Joseph Kline, Dean DeLongchamp, Daniel A. Fischer, Chad R. Snyder, James G. Kushmerick
The nanoscale morphology of the active layer in organic, bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells is crucial to device performance. Often a combination of casting conditions and post deposition thermal treatment are used to optimize the morphology. In general

WATER TRANSPORT ACROSS A POLYMER ELECTROLYTE MEMBRANE UNDER THERMAL GRADIENTS

January 11, 2011
Author(s)
David L. Jacobson, Richard Fu, Takeshi Shiomi, Ugur Pasaogullari, Joshua Preston, Shinichi Miyazaki, Yuichiro Tabuchi, Daniel S. Hussey
A fundamental experimental and numerical study of the water transport across a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane under a temperature gradient is presented. The water transport phenomenon was experimentally investigated through water flux measurement

Efficiency Enhancement of Copper Contaminated Radial p-n Junction Solar Cells

January 7, 2011
Author(s)
Akram Boukai, Paul M. Haney, Aaron Katzenmeyer, Gregg M. Gallatin, Albert A. Talin, Peidong Yang
A significant fraction of the cost of a planar p-n junction silicon solar cell stems from the silicon purification process.1 Eliminating the purification step would decrease the cost, yet also decrease the solar cell efficiency significantly. Here, we have
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