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Energy

Alternative energy

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Displaying 351 - 375 of 379

Application of Microwave Scanning Probes to Photovoltaic Materials

June 20, 2010
Author(s)
Kristine A. Bertness, John B. Schlager, Norman A. Sanford, Atif A. Imtiaz, Thomas M. Wallis, Joel C. Weber, Pavel Kabos, Lorelle M. Mansfield
We demonstrate that near field scanning microwave microscopy (NSMM) can be used to detect photoresponse in photovoltaic materials with potential for submicrometer resolution. In this approach, a radio-frequency scanning tunneling microscopy (RF-STM) tip is

Standard Reference Data for the Thermophysical Properties of Biofuels

March 25, 2010
Author(s)
Mark O. McLinden, Thomas J. Bruno, Michael D. Frenkel, Marcia L. Huber
The thermophysical properties of biofuels are required for the efficient design of every step in their production, distribution, and utilization. We provide an overview of properties research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We

Neutron radioscopy: industrial and scientific applications

March 15, 2010
Author(s)
Daniel Hussey, Michael A. Hickner
Neutron imaging has been a unique, precise, measurement tool for water transport in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), enabling the direct measurement of the water distribution in standard, commercially viable fuel cell hardware. Thus, in the

Use of Neutron Imaging for PEMFC Performance Analysis and Design

March 1, 2009
Author(s)
T Trabold, Jon P. Owejan, Jeffrey J. Gagliardo, David L. Jacobson, Daniel S. Hussey, Muhammad D. Arif
Efficient water management is one of the key design objectives for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), due to the influence of water on material selection, hardware configuration, and stack operating conditions. Neutron imaging has proven to be

Measured Performance of Three Residential Fuel Cell Systems

April 29, 2008
Author(s)
Mark W. Davis
Under a program to develop a consumer-oriented rating methodology for residential cogeneration fuel cells, the performance of three systems was characterized in the NIST Residential Fuel Cell Test Facility. These systems differed with respect to the type

Current Status of Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrogen

August 17, 2007
Author(s)
Bryce Jacobson, Jacob W. Leachman, Steven Penoncello, Eric Lemmon
This paper presents a survey of the thermodynamic properties of normal hydrogen and parahydrogen with comparisons of properties calculated using the standard models to available experimental data. Motivated by the fact that the currently accepted standards

In-Situ Investigation of Water Transport in an Operating PEM Fuel Cell Using Neutron Radiography: Part 2 - Transient Water Accumulation in an Interdigitated Cathode Flow Field

July 27, 2007
Author(s)
Jon P. Owejan, T Trabold, David L. Jacobson, D Baker, Daniel S. Hussey, Muhammad D. Arif
An interdigitated cathode flow field was tested in-situ with neutron radiography to measure the water transport through the porous gas diffusion layer in a PEM fuel cell. Constant current density to open circuit cycles were tested and the resulting liquid

Neutron Images of the Through-Plane Water Distribution of an Operating PEM Fuel Cell

July 27, 2007
Author(s)
Daniel S. Hussey, David L. Jacobson, Muhammad Arif, Jon P. Owejan, Jeffrey J. Gagliardo, T Trabold
Neutron imaging has proven an invaluable tool for water metrology in operating proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Due to limitations in scintillator-based detector resolution, neutron imaging has been applied only to assessing the in-plane water
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