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Chemistry

Analytical chemistry

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Displaying 326 - 350 of 2084

Calibration

October 2, 2019
Author(s)
Lane C. Sander
In the context of chemical metrology, calibration is the process of relating a known quantity of an analyte to the corresponding measured instrumental response through a mathematical relationship. Calibration permits the assignment of analyte levels in

Discriminative potential of ion mobility spectrometry for the detection of fentanyl and fentanyl analogues relative to confounding environmental interferents

September 27, 2019
Author(s)
Thomas Forbes, Jeffrey Lawrence, Jennifer R. Verkouteren, R. Michael Verkouteren
The opioid crisis and emergence of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues, and other synthetic opioids has highlighted the need for sensitive and robust detection for interdiction at screening points, notably vehicles at border crossings and packages at postal

A photonic pH sensor based on photothermal spectroscopy

September 12, 2019
Author(s)
Zeeshan Ahmed, Nathan J. Castro, Matthew R. Hartings
Although the determination of pH is a standard laboratory measurement, new techniques capable of measuring pH are being developed to facilitate modern technological advances. Bio-industrial processing, tissue engineering, and intracellular environments

Practical Guidelines to 13C-based NMR Metabolomics

August 29, 2019
Author(s)
Arthur S. Edison, Adrien Le Guennec, Frank Delaglio, Eriks Kupce
We present an overview of 13C-based NMR metabolomics. At first glance, the low sensitivity of 13C relative to 1H NMR might seem like too great an obstacle to use this approach. However, there are several advantages to 13C NMR, whether samples can be

Mass Spectrometry Fingerprints of Small-Molecule Metabolites in Biofluids. Building a Spectral Library of Recurrent Spectra for Urine Analysis.

August 19, 2019
Author(s)
Yamil Simon, Ramesh Marupaka, Xinjian Yan, Yuxue Liang, Kelly H. Telu, Yuri A. Mirokhin, Stephen E. Stein
A large fraction of ions observed in electrospray liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) experiments of biological samples remain unidentified. One the main reasons for this is that spectral libraries of pure compounds fail to account for the

Mass Spectrometry Fingerprints of Small-Molecule Metabolites in Biofluids: Building a Spectral Library of Recurrent Spectra for Urine Analysis

August 18, 2019
Author(s)
Yamil Simon, Ramesh Marupaka, Xinjian Yan, Yuxue Liang, Kelly H. Telu, Yuri Mirokhin, Stephen E. Stein
A large fraction of ions observed in electrospray liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–ESI-MS) experiments of biological samples remain unidentified. One of the main reasons for this is that spectral libraries of pure compounds fail to account for

Unusual Regularity in GC Retention of Simple Amino Acid Derivatives

August 8, 2019
Author(s)
Anzor I. Mikaia, Nino G. Todua, Zenkevich G. Igor
Background. Application of simple regularities and the general principles along with direct use of reference retention index data is a useful approach for reliable structure determination of compounds by GC-MS. Objective. Interpretation of anomaly in

Ampoules for Radioactivity Standard Reference Materials

August 6, 2019
Author(s)
Ronald Colle
Standard-sized ampoules for radioactive solution standards have been employed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for nearly the past 70 years. This note briefly summarizes the origins and history of the five different batches of

Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitation of steroid hormone profiles in blubber from stranded humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)

July 30, 2019
Author(s)
Greta Dalle Luche, Susan Bengston Nash, John Kucklick, Fletcher M. Mingramm, Ashley Russell
Marine mammal blubber is known to have quantifiable concentrations of steroid hormones and is increasingly chosen as a matrix for the detection of these reproductive and stress biomarkers. Steroid hormones act through complex cascades, often in concert

Stability of gaseous volatile organic compounds contained in gas cylinders with different internal wall treatments

July 29, 2019
Author(s)
George C. Rhoderick, Christina Cecelski, Walter R. Miller Jr., David Worton, Sergi Moreno, Paul Brewer, Joele Viallon, Faraz Idrees, Philippe Moussay, Yong D. Kim, Dal H. Kim, Sangil Lee, Annarita Baldan, Jianrong Li
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a group of gas-phase compounds present in the atmosphere that affect air quality and Earth's climate. Halocarbons, a subset of this group, are strong greenhouse gases and are linked to stratospheric ozone depletion

Chemical Identification of Interlayer Contaminants within van der Waals Heterostructures

June 24, 2019
Author(s)
Jeffrey Schwartz, ?Hsun-Jen Chuang, Matthew R. Rosenberger, Saujan V. Sivaram, Kathleen M. McCreary, B.T. Jonker, Andrea Centrone
Van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) leverage the characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) material building blocks to create a myriad of structures with unique and desirable properties. Several commonly employed fabrication strategies rely on polymeric

pyMCR: A Python Library for Multivariate Curve Resolution Analysis

June 24, 2019
Author(s)
Charles H. Camp
In this work, a new software library is presented for performing multivariate curve resolution (MCR)analysis, a chemometric method for elucidating signatures of analytes ("endmember extraction") and their relative abundance (regression) from a series of

Revealing the distribution of metal carboxylates in oil paint from the micro- to the nanoscale

June 21, 2019
Author(s)
Xiao Ma, Victoria Beltran, Georg Ramer, Georges Pavlidis, dilworth parkinson, Mathieu Thoury, Tyler Meldrum, Andrea Centrone, Barbara H. Berrie
Oil paints comprise pigments, drying oils, and additives that together confer desirable properties, but can react forming metal carboxylates (soaps) that, over time, may damage artworks. Despite substantial research to understand these phenomena, soap

The Art in Science of MicroTAS 2018

June 21, 2019
Author(s)
Gregory A. Cooksey
The 2018 MicroTAS conference (the 22nd International Conference of Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences) took us to Kaohsiung, Taiwan, for an inspiring mix of science and culture. The Art in Science competition, sponsored by Lab on a Chip

Diaphragmless Single Pulse Shock Tube for High-Temperature Chemical Kinetics Studies

June 3, 2019
Author(s)
William Sean McGivern, Iftikhar A. Awan, Jeffrey A. Manion
Single pulse shock tubes are effective tools for measuring chemical kinetics at high temperatures, typically (900–1400) K. However, the use of a diaphragm for shock generation leads to significant shock-to- shock inconsistencies in temperature for a

Accelerated Weathering Parameters for Some Aromatic Engineering Thermoplastics

May 24, 2019
Author(s)
Li Piin Sung, James E. Pickett, Olga Kuvshinnikova, Brett Ermi
Samples of polycarbonate (PC), poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), a PC/PBT blend, and poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) (SAN), all containing 3 % TiO2 (by mass), were exposed in the NIST (National Institutes of Standards and Technology) SPHERE (Simulated

Health Assessment Measurements Quality Assurance Program: Exercise 2 Final Report

May 21, 2019
Author(s)
Charles A. Barber, Jeanice M. Brown Thomas, Carolyn Q. Burdette, Johanna Camara, Stephen E. Long, Melissa M. Phillips, Benjamin J. Place, Catherine A. Rimmer, Laura J. Wood, Lee L. Yu
The NIST Health Assessment Measurements Quality Assurance Program (HAMQAP) was launched in collaboration with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) in 2017. HAMQAP was established to enable laboratories to improve the
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