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Bioscience

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Displaying 651 - 675 of 1242

Remote sensing of chiral signatures on Mars

November 1, 2012
Author(s)
William Sparks, James H. Hough, Thomas Germer, Frank Robb, Ludmilla Kolokolova
We describe circular polarization as a remote sensing diagnostic of chiral signatures which may be applied to Mars. The remarkable phenomenon of homochirality provides a unique biosignature which can be amenable to remote sensing through circular

Toward a Recommendation System for Image Similarity Metrics

October 7, 2012
Author(s)
Peter Bajcsy, Joe Chalfoun, Mary C. Brady
This paper addresses the problem of mapping application specific requirements on image similarity metrics to the plethora of existing image similarity computations. The work is motivated by the fact that there is no recommendation method for choosing a

PEG-Labeled Nucleotides and Nanopore Detection for Single Molecule DNA Sequencing by Synthesis

September 21, 2012
Author(s)
Shiv Kumar, Tao Chuanjuan, Chien Minchen, Hellner Brittney, Joseph W. Robertson, Arvind Balijepalli, Li Zengmin, James J. Russo, Joseph E. Reiner, John J. Kasianowicz, Jingyue Ju
There is a significant need to accurately sequence single DNA and RNA molecules for personalized medicine. We describe a novel nanopore-based sequencing by synthesis (SBS) strategy that will accurately differentiate at single molecule level four different

Evaluation of viability and proliferation profiles on macrophages treated with silica nanoparticles in vitro via plate-based, flow cytometry, and Coulter counter assays

September 3, 2012
Author(s)
Simona Bancos, De-Hao D. Tsai, Vincent A. Hackley, J L. Weaver, Katherine M. Tyner
Nanoparticles (NPs) are known to interfere with many high throughput cell viability and cell proliferation assays, which complicates the assessment of their potential toxic effects. The aim of this study was to compare viability and proliferation results

Disentangling the effects of polymer coatings on silver nanoparticle agglomeration, dissolution, and toxicity to determine mechanisms of nanotoxicity

September 1, 2012
Author(s)
Justin M. Zook, Melissa D. Halter, Danielle Cleveland, Stephen E. Long
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are frequently coated by a variety of polymers, which may affect various intertwined mechanisms of toxicity, including agglomeration and dissolution rate. Here, we measure how citrate, dextran, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)

Review: Biological Imaging Software Tools

August 29, 2012
Author(s)
Anne L. Plant, Kevin Eliceiri, Anne Carpenter
Few technologies are more widespread in modern biological laboratories than imaging by microscopy. Advancements in optical technologies and instrumentation over the past twenty years have led to massive improvements in the resolution, specificity

Quantitative Methods to Characterize Cell Lines: Comparison of Cells from Marine and Terrestrial Mammals.

July 28, 2012
Author(s)
Tighe Spurlin, John T. Elliott, Michael W. Halter, Kiran Bhadriraju, Alessandro Tona, Anne L. Plant, Annalaura Mancia, Bobby L. Middlebrooks, Gregory W. Warr
Descriptive terms are often used to characterize cells in culture, but the use of nonquantitative and poorly defined terms can lead to ambiguities when comparing data from different laboratories. Although recently there has been a good deal of interest in

A New Measure in Cell Image Segmentation Data Analysis

July 24, 2012
Author(s)
Jin Chu Wu, Michael W. Halter, Raghu N. Kacker, John T. Elliott
Cell image segmentation (CIS) is critical for quantitative imaging in cytometric analyses. The data derived after segmentation can be used to infer cellular function. To evaluate CIS algorithms, first for dealing with comparisons of single cells treated as

On the need for an international effort to capture, share and use crystallisation screening data (failure and success)

June 1, 2012
Author(s)
David Gallagher, Janet Newman, Evan E. Bolton, Jochen M?Dieckmann, Vincent J. Fazio, David Lovell, Joseph R. Luft, Thomas S. Peat, David Ratcliffe, Roger A. Sayle, Edward H. Snell, Kerry Taylor, Pascal Vallotton, Sameer Velankar, Frank V. Delft
Crystallisation of biological macromolecules is seen by most structural biologists as a necessary evil, a means to the end, which is knowledge about a macromolecular structure. Crystallization remains largely a trial-and-error process, with extensive

Developing digital tissue phantoms for hyperspectral imaging of ischemic wounds

May 18, 2012
Author(s)
David W. Allen, Jeeseong Hwang, Maritoni A. Litorja, Joseph P. Rice
Biomedical optical imaging has the potential to achieve high spatial resolution and high functional sensitivity for non-invasive assessment of ischemic wounds. However, clinical acceptance of many optical imaging devices is hampered by poor reproducibility

Optimization of Imaging Polymer Based Scaffolds Using X-Ray Microcomputed Tomography

May 15, 2012
Author(s)
David E. Morris, Melissa L. Mather, Carl Simon Jr., John A. Crowe
The performance of polymer based scaffolds used in regenerative medicine is linked to their structural properties and as such strategies for structural characterization of scaffolds have been developed. X-ray microscopic computed tomography (X-ray micro CT

Formation of dAMP-glycerol and dAMP-Tris derivatives by the Thermococcus kodakaraensis DNA primase

May 11, 2012
Author(s)
Zvi Kelman, John P. Marino, Jerard Hurwitz, Wiebke Chemnitz Galal, Miao Pan, Gary Giulian, Wei Yuan, Shuwei Li
In the presence of dATP, glycerol and Tris buffer, the DNA primase isolated from Thermococcus kodakaraensis (Tk) catalyzed the formation of two products that were identified as dAMP-glycerol and dAMP-Tris. These products were formed by the Tk p41 catalytic
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