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Projects/Programs

Topic Area
Displaying 1526 - 1550 of 1651

Theoretical Mass Spectrometry

Ongoing
No Description Intended Impact Unknown compounds will be identified more reliably. Quality control for the NIST Mass Spectrometry Database will be enhanced. Goals Develop software tools for predicting microcanonical branching fractions automatically. This is currently too laborious and too technical

Theory: Designing the Nanoworld

Ongoing
Developing and exploiting nanodevices for quantum and nanotechnologies requires nanoscale and atomic scale modeling of ultrasmall structures, devices, their operation, and their response to probes. Key challenges of understanding physics at the quantum/classical interface and measurement at the

Theory and Modeling of Materials for Renewable Energy

Completed
Nanostructured materials offer potential benefits for a range of renewable energy applications that rely critically on interfaces for separating charges, including photovoltaics, thermoelectrics, and electrochemical energy storage. The use of nanostructures allows scientists and engineers to

Theory of the optical properties of materials

Ongoing
Around 1998, first-principles calculation of optical constants and dielectric response began to include excitonic effects. Beginning with simple, wide-gap insulators and semiconductors, the field has progressed to studying more complex materials, clusters, and so forth. In the area of core

Theory of Spin-Orbit Torque

Completed
A ferromagnetic material such as iron acquires its magnetization because the magnetic orientation of its constituent atoms all line up in the same way. Because individual electrons also have an intrinsic magnetic moment – which is often referred to as the electron “spin” - they can interact with

Thermal Desorption Ambient Mass Spectrometry

Ongoing
The Surface and Trace Chemical Analysis Group is involved in a number of research avenues for the rapid screening of wipe-collected samples for the security and forensic chemistry fields. Similar to the widely-deploy ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) systems for screening, this is accomplished through

Thermal Noise Metrology

Ongoing
Customer Needs Noise is a crucial consideration in designing or assessing the performance of virtually any electronic device or system that involves detection or processing of a signal. This includes communications systems, such as cellular phones and home entertainment systems, as well as systems

Thermodynamic & Kinetic Data for Sustainable Energy

Completed
Knowledge of the thermodynamic, phase equilibria and diffusion properties of potential novel materials can greatly accelerate their development. However, the data needed for new, multi-component materials are often not available. The CALPHAD (Computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and thermochemistry)

Thermodynamic Principles Describe and Predict Cell Populations

Ongoing
Heterogeneity of cell populations indicates the many ways cells can process information. We study heterogeneity in gene expression by inserting a gene for a fluorescent protein downstream of the gene we are interested in, and we examine large numbers of cells by imaging or flow cytometry. We think

Thermodynamics of Enzyme-catalyzed Reactions

Ongoing
Current efforts are focused on industrially important biotransformation problems such as those found in hydrogenation, hydroxylation, aromatic amino acid metabolic pathways, and biofuel applications. The methods used include calorimetry, chromatography, enzymology, and spectrophotometry. The

Thermometry

Ongoing
The NIST Thermodynamic Metrology Group supports industry and advances measurement science through an extensive suite of thermometry calibration services as well as research projects aimed at improving the utility for the International Temperature Scale. We also develop guidelines, and contribute to

Thin Film Electronics (Archived)

Completed
Today's electronics have reached a point where sheer computation power has yielded to combined form and function as the key driver of large consumer markets. The demand for portable and pervasive electronics with greater functionality promises significant changes over the next decades in how society

Three-Dimensional Nanometer Metrology

Ongoing
Important physical and chemical properties of nanometer scale devices and structures depend on their shape and size. The benefits of nano are already increasing many applications, and are expected to grow significantly. For these applications, measurement accuracy is a fundamental measurement

THz Detection of Corrosion on Rebar Embedded in Concrete

Ongoing
We developed a new technology to detect and quantify the extent of corrosion in embedded rebar using Terahertz (THz) and microwave spectroscopies. This new method exploits the likelihood that a number of iron corrosion products are antiferromagnetic and absorb THz and microwave radiation. In this

Time Measurement and Analysis Service (TMAS)

Ongoing
The TMAS meets the requirements of any facility or organization that needs to maintain a high accuracy time standard. TMAS customers include calibration and metrology laboratories, telecommunication providers, instrumentation manufacturers, military installations, defense contractors, government

Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry

Ongoing
ToF-SIMS is an imaging mass spectrometry (MS) technique that allows us to obtain isotopic, elemental, and molecular information from the surface of solid samples. A pulsed, energetic “primary” ion beam bombards the surface and induces a collision cascade, liberating “secondary” ions that are then

Tissue Engineering

Ongoing
Tissue Engineering Measurands: Tissue engineering measurands are confusing to discuss and a charting method to improve communication is demonstrated. Measurement Assurance Strategies for Regenerative Medicine: Reliable methods for assessing product consistency and quality. Regenerative Medicine

Tissue Engineering Measurands

Ongoing
Making a Measurand Chart: A measurand chart can be created for any measurement by writing down all the measurands that occur during the measurement. The panels should not be procedural steps, such as “wash the sample with buffer” or “centrifuge the microfuge tubes”. Consider if the measurement has a

Toxicology

Ongoing
Development of Low-Volume Drop Blood Drug Screening Tools This project aims to leverage recent NIST advances in ambient ionization mass spectrometry to develop platforms for low-volume blood drug screening. Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) and Paper Spray Ionization Mass

Trace Contraband Detection

Ongoing
Screening of people and their belongings including luggage, vehicles, and packages for the presence of trace residues of explosives and narcotics (trace contraband detection) is widely used in aviation security and law enforcement. In common screening scenarios, trace contraband residues in the form
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