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Projects/Programs

Topic Area
Displaying 276 - 300 of 488

Manipulation and Imaging of Dilute Densities of Electron Spins

Completed
While the characteristics of the unpaired electrons which are trapped in these bonding errors have a dramatic impact on the macroscale material properties, observing these same unpaired electrons has proven quite difficult. These unpaired electrons are transient in time, temperature, and pressure...

Measuring Light-Matter Interactions in Chip-Based Optical Cavities

Ongoing
A "single emitter" is a structure that exhibits a transition from a high energy state to a low energy state, thereby generating a photon, or light emission. A variety of solid-state single emitters have been discovered or manufactured. One example is a quantum dot, a nanometer-scale structure that...

Medical (Archive): Small-field Therapy Dosimetry Studies Using Alanine/EPR

Completed
Developments in radiotherapy have significantly increased the use of small fields in stereotactic procedures and IMRT fields composed of small fields. Ionization chambers are not always suitable where situations of high dose gradients, time-dose variance, and non-uniform beam distributions are...

Medical (Archive): Workshop for Radiobiology Dosimetry Standardization

Completed
Workshop Agenda with Presentations RADIATION DOSE IS MORE THAN A NUMBER! National Institute of Standards and Technology 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD Green Auditorium September 15 and 16, 2011 THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 2011 Welcome and Introduction Lisa Karam, NIST Bert Maidment, NIAID Norm...

Medical: Characterization of Dosimeters Used in Computed Tomography

Completed
The Dosimetry Group of the Radiation Physics Division has an on-going collaboration with the FDA, NIH, and the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center to characterize clinical dosimeters for the purpose of monitoring the radiation dose delivered to patients during computed tomography (CT) exams...

Medical: Standards for Clinical Radionuclide Calibrators

Ongoing
In nuclear medicine, clinical activity measurements are typically made using commercially available radionuclide calibrators (also referred to as “dose calibrators”) which incorporate a reentrant 4π ionization chamber and an electrometer. The current measured by these calibrators is translated into...

Memory

Ongoing
While photonic systems offer very robust qbits and are excellent for transporting quantum information between locations due to their minimal interactions with their environment, they are inconvenient for the storage of quantum information in one place. As a result there is significant interest in...

Metal Additive Manufacturing Laser Power Assessment

Ongoing
A calibrated (U=1.2 %, k=2) power meter was taken to a variety of AM locations (industry, academic, government, DoD) to anonymously assess the accuracy with which these institutions know the laser power being delivered to the workpiece. At each site, the LPBF operator was asked to use the AM system...

METIS

Ongoing
A Metrology Exchange to Innovate in Semiconductors

Metrologies for Nanobiomaterials in Artificial Photosynthesis

Completed
A transition to solar fuel will require high-efficiency catalysts that make use of domestic fuel feedstocks with minimal additional energy input. In the past several years, novel water oxidation catalysts from abundant elements have been reported. Catalysts deposited onto a photoactive substrate...

Metrology of Dim Light Sources

Ongoing
“What is the lowest amount of light that this instrument can detect?” is an important yet unmet measurement challenge. Evaluating the detection performance of complicated imaging instruments is crucial to quantifying substances of interest and the ability to compare results across instruments...

Metrology for Emerging Integrated Systems

Completed
The Emerging Integrated Systems Metrology program supports measurements for advanced manufacturing and secure nano-manufacturing, novel devices and electronic materials. Specifically, the program aims to develop the metrology required to enable a quantitative assessment and physical understanding of...

Metrology for extreme ultraviolet lithography

Ongoing
Patterning with light 13 nm brings a host a new challenges Light at 13 nm is well within the vacuum ultraviolet, where radiation is strongly absorbed by all materials. This requires that the technology take place in vacuum and rely on mirrors rather than lenses. Moreover generating sufficient...

Metrology of the Ohm

Ongoing
The Metrology of the Ohm Project has been a leader in providing internationally consistent resistance standards that are readily available to support the scientific and industrial foundations of the U.S. economy. Through this very broad customer base, the activities of the project enable cost...

Metrology for Printing and Graphic Arts Substrates

Completed
Paper is a complex, heterogeneous, multi-phased material. While there is a significant body of work related to the dielectric properties of cellulose, comparatively fewer studies have been done on printing and writing grades of paper. In our previous work, we have been able to differentiate between...

Metrology of Purity and Contaminants in Solid Materials

Ongoing
Purity evaluations of high-purity bulk materials used in chips manufacturing are calibrated against reference materials that are often not matrix-matched to the materials under test. In other words, differences in the compositions of the calibrants and the samples being analyzed can result in large...

Micro- and Nanoelectromechanical Systems

Completed
MEMS/NEMS are enabling technologies that bring new functionalities with the potential to radically transform markets ranging from consumer products to national defense. The meteoric rise of the smartphone is an excellent example, in which MEMS accelerometers, gyroscopes, microphones, displays, and...
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