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Search Publications by: Carl D. Reintsema (Fed)

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Displaying 51 - 75 of 114

Optimization of Transition-Edge Calorimeter Performance

April 15, 2006
Author(s)
Joel N. Ullom, James A. Beall, William B. Doriese, William Duncan, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Galen C. O'Neil, Carl D. Reintsema, Leila R. Vale, Barry L. Zink
Calorimeters that exploit the superconducting-to-normal transition are used to detect individual photons from near-infrared to γ-ray wavelengths. Across this wide range, absorption efficiency, speed, and energy resolution are key performance parameters

Microwave SQUID multiplexers for low-temperature detectors

January 10, 2006
Author(s)
Kent D. Irwin, James A. Beall, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, William Duncan, Gene C. Hilton, John Mates, Carl D. Reintsema, Dan Schmidt, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Barry L. Zink, Konrad Lehnert
We report on the development of a SQUID multiplexer operated at microwave frequencies. This multiplexer can accommodate any detector that can be read out with SQUIDs, including transition-edge sensors, magnetic calorimeters, and superconductor-insulator

Toward kilopixel arrays: 3.8 eV microcalorimeter resolution in 8-channel SQUIDmultiplexer

January 10, 2006
Author(s)
W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, James A. Beall, William Duncan, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Carl D. Reintsema, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Yizi Xu
Over the past several years, NIST has developed a SQUID time-division multiplexer (TDM) to read out large arrays of transition-edge sensors (TESs). The NIST TDM architecture has been successful in a number of submillimeterand millimeter-wave applications

Fabrication of Prototype Imaging Arrays for SCUBA-2

January 4, 2006
Author(s)
Gene C. Hilton, James A. Beall, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, William Duncan, S. L. Ferreira, Kent D. Irwin, Carl D. Reintsema, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Yizi Xu, Barry L. Zink, William Parkes, Andrew S. Bunting, Camilla Dunare, Alan Gundlach, T. Stevenson, Anthony Walton, Eric Schulte, Elizabeth Corrales, Joseph P. Sienicki, Dan Bintley, Peter Ade, Rashmi Sudiwala, Adam L. Woodcraft, Mark Halpern, Wayne Holland, Damian Audley, Michael MacIntosh
Prototype imaging sub-arrays for SCUBA-2 (the Sub-millimeter Common-User Bolometer Array) have been fabricated and tested. The pixel count (1280) of these wafer-scale imagers are significantly larger than any other low-temperature detectors produced to

Optimized Transition-Edge X-ray Microcalorimeter with 2.4 eV Energy Resolution at 5.9 keV

November 1, 2005
Author(s)
Joel Ullom, James A. Beall, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, William Duncan, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Carl D. Reintsema, Leila R. Vale
We present measurements from a series of transition- edge x-ray microcalorimeters designed for optimal energy resolution. We used the geometry of the sensors to control their heat capacity and employed additional normal metal features and a perpendicular

Time-division multiplexing of high-resolution TES X-ray microcalotimeters: Four pixels and beyond

November 15, 2004
Author(s)
W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, James A. Beall, Steven Deiker, William Duncan, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Carl D. Reintsema, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Yizi Xu
We present experimental results from a four-pixel array of transition-edge-sensor, x-ray microcalorimeters read out through a single amplifier channel via a time-division superconducting quantum interference device multiplexer. We map the dependence of the

Characterization and Reduction of Unexplained Noise in Superconducting Transition-Edge Sensors

May 7, 2004
Author(s)
Joel N. Ullom, William B. Doriese, Gene C. Hilton, James A. Beall, Steven Deiker, William Duncan, S. L. Ferreira, Kent D. Irwin, Carl D. Reintsema, Leila R. Vale
The noise in superconducting Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs) commonly exceeds simple theoretical predictions. The reason for this discrepancy is presently unexplained. We have measured the amplitude and frequency dependence of the noise in TES sensors with

Robust infrared filters for x-ray spectroscopy

March 11, 2004
Author(s)
Nathan A. Tomlin, Joel Ullom, James A. Beall, Gene C. Hilton, Steven Deiker, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Kent D. Irwin, Carl D. Reintsema, Leila R. Vale, Yizi Xu
One challenge to using cryogenic detectors for x-ray spectroscopy on a scanning electron microscope is the implementation of infrared blocking filters. In order to achieve high x-ray transmission, these filters can be as thin as 250 nm and consequently are

X-ray Microcalorimeter Arrays Fabricated by Surface Micromachining

March 1, 2004
Author(s)
Gene C. Hilton, James A. Beall, Steven Deiker, Leila R. Vale, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Joern Beyer, Joel Ullom, Carl D. Reintsema, Yizi Xu, Kent D. Irwin
We are developing arrays of Mo/Cu TES-based detectors for use as as x-ray microcalorimeters and sub-mm bolometers. We have fabricated 8 x 8 pixel x-ray microcalorimeter arrays pixel using surface micromachining techniques. This surface-micromachining

A Time-Domain SQUID multiplexer for readout of x-ray microcalorimeter arrays

January 1, 2004
Author(s)
W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Jonathan Beall, Joern Beyer, Steven Deiker, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, John M. Martinis, Sae Woo Nam, Carl D. Reintsema, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale
SQUID multiplexers are being developed at NIST for the readout of large arrays of transition-edge-sensor (TES) detectors. Applications for these arrays include x-ray materials analysis on a scanning-electron microscope and astronomical cameras for x-ray

Suppression of excess noise in transition-edge sensors using magnetic field and geometry

December 17, 2003
Author(s)
Joel N. Ullom, William B. Doriese, Gene C. Hilton, James A. Beall, Steven Deiker, Kent D. Irwin, Carl D. Reintsema, Leila R. Vale, Yizi Xu
We report recent progress at NIST on Mo/Cu Transition-Edge Sensors (TESs). While the signal- band noise of our sensors agrees with theory, we observe excess high-frequency noise. We describe this noise and demonstrate that it can be heavily suppressed by a

Prototype system for superconducting quantum interference device multiplexing of large-format transition-edge sensor arrays

September 25, 2003
Author(s)
Carl D. Reintsema, Joern Beyer, Sae Woo Nam, Steven Deiker, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Joel N. Ullom, Leila R. Vale, Michael MacIntosh
We discuss the implementation of a time-division SQUID multiplexing system for the instrumentation of large-format transition-edge sensors (TES) arrays. We cover design and integration issues concerning cryogenic SQUID multiplexers and amplifiers, signal

Ac-dc Difference at Cryogenic Temperatures

August 1, 2003
Author(s)
Thomas E. Lipe Jr., Joseph R. Kinard Jr., Carl D. Reintsema
We are continuing the development of a new primary standard for ac-dc difference that utilizes a superconducting resistive transition-edge device as the sensor. The most recent improvements to the Cryogenic Thermal Transfer Standard (CTTS) include on-chip

Time-Division Superconducting Quantum Interference Device Multiplexer for Transition-Edge Sensors

August 1, 2003
Author(s)
Piet DeKorte, Joern Beyer, Steven Deiker, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Michael MacIntosh, Sae Woo Nam, Carl D. Reintsema, Leila R. Vale, Martin Huber
We report on the design and performance of our second-generation 32-channel time-division multiplexer developed for the read-out of large-format arrays of superconducting transition-edge sensors. We present design issues and measurement results on its gain

A Time-Domain SQUID Multiplexer System for Read-Out of Superconducting Transition-Edge-Sensor Arrays

July 7, 2003
Author(s)
Carl D. Reintsema, James A. Beall, Steven Deiker, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Sae Woo Nam, Leila R. Vale, Joel Ullom, Yizi Xu, Joern Beyer, Martin Huber
The development of time-domain SQUID multiplexers enables the integration of superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) into arrays of thousands of elements while maintaining a manageable number of readout channels. The applications for detector arrays

SCUBA-2: Developing the Detectors

June 2, 2003
Author(s)
William Duncan, Wayne Holland, Damian Audley, M. Cliffe, T. Hodson, B. D. Kelly, X. Gao, D. Gostick, Michael MacIntosh, H. McGregor, T. Peacocke, Kent D. Irwin, Gene C. Hilton, Steven Deiker, Joern Beyer, Carl D. Reintsema, Anthony Walton, William Parkes, T. Stevenson, Alan Gundlach, Camilla Dunare, Peter Ade
SCUBA-2 is a second generation, wide-field submillimeter camera under development for the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. With over 12,000 pixels, in two arrays, SCUBA-2 will map the submillimeter sky 1000 times faster than the current SCUBA instrument to

Electronics for Arrays of Transition Edge Sensors using Digital Signal Processing

June 1, 2003
Author(s)
Sae Woo Nam, Joern Beyer, Gene C. Hilton, Kent D. Irwin, Carl D. Reintsema, John M. Martinis
Single-pixel transition-edge sensors (TES) are useful for a variety of applications requiring the detection of photons from sub-millimeter wavelengths to gamma rays. Arrays of TESs are required in the next-generation instruments to continue to be useful

Performance of 32-channel Time-Division SQUID Multiplexer for Cryogenic Detector Arrays

June 1, 2003
Author(s)
Joern Beyer, Piet DeKorte, Carl D. Reintsema, Sae Woo Nam, Gene C. Hilton, Leila R. Vale, Kent D. Irwin
Multiplexed readout is a practical requirement for the successful deployment of large-scale cryogenic detector arrays in applications ranging from x-ray microanalysis to sub-millimeter astronomy. We report on the development of a time-division SQUID

Superconducting Multiplexers for Transition-Edge Sensors

June 1, 2003
Author(s)
Kent D. Irwin, James A. Beall, Joern Beyer, Steven Deiker, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Sae Woo Nam, Carl D. Reintsema, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale
Superconducting multiplexers make it possible to build arrays of thousands of low-temperature bolometers and microcalorimeters based on superconducting transition-edge sensors with a manageable number of readout channels. Our first generation SQUID

Time-Division SQUID Multiplexers for Transition-Edge Sensors

January 14, 2003
Author(s)
Kent D. Irwin, James A. Beall, Joern Beyer, Steven Deiker, W.Bertrand (Randy) Doriese, S. L. Ferreira, Gene C. Hilton, Sae Woo Nam, Carl D. Reintsema, Joel Ullom, Leila R. Vale
Microcalorimeters and bolometers based on superconducting transition-edge sensors (TES) are important tools for the detection of photons from millimeter waves through gamma rays, and for applications ranging from materials analysis to astronomy. There is a

The Development of Microcalorimeter EDS Arrays

November 1, 2002
Author(s)
Kent D. Irwin, James A. Beall, Steven Deiker, Gene C. Hilton, L. King, Sae Woo Nam, Dale Newbury, Carl D. Reintsema, John A. Small, Leila R. Vale
High-energy-resolution cryogenic microcalorimeters are a powerful new tool for x-ray microanalysis. With demonstrated energy resolution 20 times better than with conventional semiconductor EDS, microcalorimeters are useful in applications such as nanoscale

Noise Temperature for Nb DHEB Mixer Receiver for Far-Infrared Spectroscopy

September 1, 2002
Author(s)
Eyal Gerecht, Carl D. Reintsema, Erich N. Grossman, A. L. Betz, R. T. Boreiko
We are reporting a noise temperature measured on a diffusion-cooled hot electron bolometeric (DHEB) mixer designed for a heterodyne focal plane array to study lines with frequencies of 2 THz and above. Our fabrication process utilizes selective ion milling

Concealed Weapons Detection using an Uncooled Millimeter-wave Microbolometer System

August 1, 2002
Author(s)
Erich N. Grossman, V. A. Bhupathiraju, Aaron J. Miller, Carl D. Reintsema
We describe the status of, and present the first imagery obtained using, an active uncooled mm-wave microbolometer-based imaging system. The microbolometers consist of 2 mm x 6 mm x .02 mm Nb films, coupled to the incident field by annular slot antennas

Controlled Barrier Modification in Nb/NbOx/Ag Metal Insulator Metal Tunnel Diodes

June 15, 2002
Author(s)
Erich N. Grossman, Todd E. Harvey, Carl D. Reintsema
The nonlinear electrical transport properties of metal-insulator-metal (MIM) tunnel diodes based on a barrier of naturally grown niobium oxide have been measured at room temperature and analyzed. In most cases excellent agreement is found between the

An Improved Sensor for the NIST Cryogenic Thermal Transfer Standard

June 1, 2002
Author(s)
Thomas E. Lipe Jr., Carl D. Reintsema, Joseph R. Kinard Jr.
We are developing a new primary standard of ac-dc difference, based on a resistive superconducting transition-edge sensor. We describe the performance limitations of the present device, and present a new sensor design which will improve the operating