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Displaying 101 - 125 of 135

Polymer Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites from Thermally Stable Trialkyl-Imidazolium Treated Montmorillonite

August 16, 2002
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, W H. Awad, Rick D. Davis, Cher H. Davis, John R. Shields, T E. Sutto, Richard H. Harris Jr., A B. Morgan, J H. Callahan, Paul C. Trulove, Hugh C. De Long
The limited thermal stability of alkyl ammonium cations and the processing instability of some polymers (polyamide-6 (PA-6) and polystyrene (PS)) in the presence of nanodispersed montmorillonite (MMT) has motivated the development of improved organophillic

Improved Thermal Stability Of Crown Ether And Imidazolium Treatments for Flame Retardant Polymer Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites

February 6, 2002
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Cher H. Davis, Rick D. Davis, W H. Awad, A B. Morgan, Paul C. Trulove, Hugh C. De Long, T E. Sutto, L J. Mathias, D Schiraldi
The thermal stability of the organic treatment present on a layered silicate is of utmost importance in preparing a polymer-layered silicate (clay) nanocomposite by melt processing methods. Specifically, the organic treatment must not decompose at

Recent Advances in Flame Retardant Polymer Nanocomposites

January 22, 2001
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Takashi Kashiwagi, A B. Morgan, Richard H. Harris Jr., L D. Brassell, W H. Awad, Rick D. Davis, L Chyall, T E. Sutto, Paul C. Trulove, H DeLong
A new approach to address the ever increasing demand for higher performance flame retarded products has recently focused on use of mica-type clays nano-dispersed in commodity polymers. These "nanocomposites" exhibit the unusual combination of reduced

Fire Safe Materials Project at NIST (NISTIR 6588)

November 1, 2000
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Kathryn M. Butler, Jeffrey W. Gilman
The results of two studies, which are parts of Fire Safe Materials Project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), are presented. One of them is a study of the effects on gasification rates of the addition of silica particles to

Flame Retardant Mechanism of Silica Gel/Silica

November 1, 2000
Author(s)
Takashi Kashiwagi, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Kathryn M. Butler, Richard H. Harris Jr., John R. Shields, A Asano
Various types of silica, silica gel, fumed silicas and fused silica were added to polypropylene and polyethylene oxide to determine their flame retardant effectiveness and mechanisms. Polypropylene was chosen as a non-char-forming thermoplastic and

Flammability Properties of Polymer-Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites, Polypropylene and Polystyrene Nanocomposites

July 17, 2000
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, C L. Jackson, A B. Morgan, Richard H. Harris Jr., E Manias, E P. Giannelis, M Wuthenow, David Hilton, S H. Phillips
Our continuing study of the mechanism of flammability reduction of polymer-layered-silicate nanocomposites has yielded results for polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride and polystyrene-layered-silicate nanocomposites using montmorillonite and

Flammability of Polymer Clay Nanocomposites Consortium: Year One Annual Report (NISTIR 6531)

July 1, 2000
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Takashi Kashiwagi, A B. Morgan, Richard H. Harris Jr., L D. Brassell, Mark R. VanLandingham, C L. Jackson
We recently found that polymer layered-silicate (clay) nanocomposites have the unique combination of reduced flammability and improved physical properties. However, the details of the fire retardant mechanism were not well understood. In October of 1998 a

New Approaches to the Development of Fire-Safe Materials (NISTIR 6465)

February 1, 2000
Author(s)
A B. Morgan, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Marc R. Nyden, C L. Jackson
Thermoplastic polyetherimide-clay nanocomposites were synthesized from 1,3-phenylenediamine and bisphenol A dianhydride using an in situ approach. Two types of organically treated clays were utilized to synthesize these nanocomposites. The two organically

Flammability of Polystyrene-Clay Nanocomposites

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
A B. Morgan, Jeffrey W. Gilman, Richard H. Harris Jr., C L. Jackson, C A. Wilkie, J Zhu
Research in the area of condensed phase flame retardants for polymers usually builds upon existing technologies, such as metal hydroxides (alumina, magnesium hydroxide) or phosphorus based materials. However, these materials tend to weaken mechanical

Polymer Layered Silicate Nanocomposites: Thermal Stability of Organic Cationic Treatments

January 1, 2000
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, A B. Morgan, Richard H. Harris Jr., Paul C. Trulove, H DeLong, T E. Sutto
Nanocomposites result from the combination of materials with different properties at the nanometer scale. Some examples of these include: polymers combined with layered-silicate, polymers combined with nano-silica, hybrid materials prepared by sol-gel

Polymer Layered-Silicate Nanocomposites: Polyamide-6, Polypropylene and Polystyrene

October 24, 1999
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, A B. Morgan, Richard H. Harris Jr., E Manias, E P. Giannelis, M Wuthenow
In many of the cases studied, polymer-clay nanocomposites are materials that have improved thermal properties. Furthermore, most of the nanocomposite systems reported so far show reduced flammability. The delaminated versions of nanocomposites also offer

Cyanate Ester Clay Nanocomposites: Synthesis and Flammability Studies

May 23, 1999
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Richard H. Harris Jr., Douglas Hunter
New goals outlined by the U. S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advanced Fire-Safe Aircraft Materials Research Program enumerate an order-of-magnitude improvement in aircraft cabin-material fire safety. In the pursuit of improved approaches to the

Char Enhancing Approaches to Flame Retarding Polymers

January 1, 1999
Author(s)
Jeffrey W. Gilman, Takashi Kashiwagi, Richard H. Harris Jr., S M. Lomakin, J D. Lichtenhan, A. Bolf, P. Jones
Additives that increase the amount of charcoal-like residue or carbonaceous char that forms during polymer combustion are very effective fire retardants (FR). Our research efforts focus on reducing polymer flammability by promoting char formation. Our
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