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Building the Next Generation of Metrologists: Opportunities to Improve SI Education and Scientific Literacy at 150 Years and Beyond

March 14, 2025

Author(s)

Elizabeth Benham, Katrice Lippa

Through the teaching of the International System of Units (SI) principles, Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) educators create a ripple effect, cultivating the next generation of metrologists. This, in turn, builds the solid

Evaluating the environmental factors on microplastic generation: an accelerated weathering study

March 5, 2025

Author(s)

Sara Rostampour, Song-Syun Jhang, Jung Kai Hsu, Rachel Cook, Yuejin Li, chunlei fan, Li Piin Sung

Microplastics pose a significant environmental threat, and understanding their sources and generation mechanisms is crucial for mitigation efforts. This study investigates the effects of ultraviolet intensity, temperature, and relative humidity on the

Modulated Laser Thermal Interrogation (MLTI): A Novel In Situ Metal Powder Evaluation Technique for Laser Powder Bed Fusion

March 1, 2025

Author(s)

Sina Ghadi, Xiaobo Chen, Nicholas Tomasello, Nicholas Derimow, Srikanth Rangarajan, Guangwen Zhou, Scott Schiffres

Assessment of metal powders in powder bed additive manufacturing is crucial, as the quality of the powders significantly impacts the final printed parts. This study introduces a novel technique to characterize metal powders by analyzing changes in their

Product ion distributions using H3O+ proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS): mechanisms, transmission effects, and instrument-to-instrument variability

February 27, 2025

Author(s)

Michael Link, Megan Claflin, Christina Cecelski, Ayomide Akande, Delany Kilgour, Paul Heine, Matthew Coggon, Chelsea Stockwell, Andrew Jensen, Jie Yu, Han Huyhn, Jenna Ditto, Carnsten Warneke, William Dresser, Keighan Gemmell, Spiro Jorga, Rileigh Robertson, Joost de Gouw, Timothy Bertram, Jonathan Abbatt, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind, Dustin Poppendieck

Proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) using hydronium ion (H3O+) ionization is widely used for the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) both indoors and outdoors. H3O+ ionization, as well as the associated chemistry in an ion

Uncertainty Quantification of Antibody Measurements: Physical Principles and Implications for Standardization

February 26, 2025

Author(s)

Paul Patrone, Lili Wang, Sheng Lin-Gibson, Anthony Kearsley

Harmonizing serology measurements (i.e., rendering them interchangeable) is critical for comparing results across different diagnostics platforms, developing associated reference materials, and thereby informing medical decisions. However, the theoretical

A Novel Methodology for Incipient Ball Screw Backlash Measurement Using Capacitive Sensor

February 25, 2025

Author(s)

Marcella Miller, Xu Han, Gregory Vogl, Anita Penkova, Xiaodong Jia

Creating a reliable indicator to describe the degradation of ball screws remains a challenging task. Current vibration-based prognostic methods are vulnerable to unknown noise or system disturbances. To address this challenge, our study offers a new method

Investigation of two-phase heat transfer coefficients of cryogenic nitrogen in 160 mm and 65mm microchannels

February 25, 2025

Author(s)

Seungwhan Baek, Ray Radebaugh, Peter Bradley

Abstract In this study, two-phase heat transfer characteristics of cryogenic two-phase nitrogen were investigated. This basic information is required for the sequential design of a mixed refrigerant micro-cryocooler. The effective heat exchanger must be

Quality Evaluation for Colored Point Clouds Produced by Autonomous Vehicle Sensor Fusion Systems

February 12, 2025

Author(s)

Colin Schaefer, Zeid Kootbally, Vinh Nguyen

Perception systems for autonomous vehicles (AVs) require various types of sensors, including light detection and ranging (LiDAR), cameras, and radars, to ensure their robustness in driving scenarios and weather conditions. The data from these sensors are

Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K1 of the air-kerma standards of the NIST, USA, and the BIPM in 60Co gamma radiation

February 4, 2025

Author(s)

Ronaldo Minniti, Cecilia Kessler

A new key comparison of the standards for air kerma of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA, and the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out in the 60Co radiation beam of the BIPM in October 2023. The

Nanocalorimetry for plasma metrology relevant to semiconductor fabrication

February 4, 2025

Author(s)

John Diulus, Carles Corbella Roca, Feng Yi, David LaVan, Berc Kalanyan, Mark McLean, Lakshmi Ravi Narayan, William Osborn, James Maslar, Andrei Kolmakov

This letter reports on pilot tests of microfabricated nanocalorimeters as a metrology platform for the rapid (sub-100 ms response time) and sensitive detection of neutral radicals generated by reactive cold plasmas, typical in plasma cleaning applications

Insights on grain refinement of Al-Mn-Fe-Si alloy via in situ reaction during laser direct energy deposition

February 2, 2025

Author(s)

Qingyu Pan, Fan Zhang, Deepak Vikraman Pillai, Zilong Zhang, Yufeng Zheng, Lang Yuan, Monica Kapoor, John Carsley, Xiaoyuan Lou

In the present work, we studied the grain refinement by adding in situ reactants, pure titanium (Ti) or a combination of Ti and boron (B), and investigated the governing mechanism in Al-Mn-Fe-Si 3104 alloy made by laser direct energy deposition (DED)

Evaluation of L5 Band GNSS for Use in Time-Transfer

January 27, 2025

Author(s)

Benjamin Pera, Andrew Novick

The L5 frequency band of GPS features a higher power, higher code rate, and superior performance in GNSS denied or degraded environments. GPS L5 is pre-operational at time of writing with 17 satellites but has sufficient coverage for testing and utilizing

Scattering Insights into Shear-Induced Scission of Rodlike Micelles

January 23, 2025

Author(s)

Guan-Rong Huang, Ryan Murphy, Lionel Porcar, Chi-Huan Tung, Changwoo Do, Wei-Ren Chen

Studying the scission of rodlike micelles under mechanical forces is essential for understanding their stability and behavior in industrial applications. Mechanical stress can fragment these micelles, impacting performance. Investigating this process

A Comparative Study of Semiconductor Virtual Metrology Methods and Novel Algorithmic Framework for Dynamic Sampling

January 20, 2025

Author(s)

Xu Han, Marcella Miller, James Moyne, Gregory Vogl, Anita Penkova, Xiaodong Jia

Virtual metrology (VM) is an important technology in semiconductor manufacturing that enhances process control, reduces costs, and improves quality. However, as processes become more complicated and process variations increase due to high-mix manufacturing

A method to evaluate orientation-dependent errors in the center of contrast targets used with terrestrial laser scanners

January 16, 2025

Author(s)

Balasubramanian Muralikrishnan, Xinsu Lu, Mary Gregg, Katharine Shilling, Braden Czapla

Terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) are portable dimensional measurement instruments used to obtain 3D point clouds of objects in a scene. While TLSs do not require the use of cooperative targets, they are sometimes placed in a scene to fuse or compare data

2024 NIST Summary of U.S. Legal Metrology Activities

January 10, 2025

Author(s)

Juana Williams, John McGuire, Loren Minnich, Gloria Lee, Jan Konijnenburg, Isabel Baucom, Katrice Lippa

The NIST Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) presents its second issue of the 2024 NIST Annual Summary of U.S. Legal Metrology Activities report. This report includes a summary of changes made to NIST Handbook 44 (2024) Specifications, Tolerances and

NIST Handbook 130: Uniform Laws and Regulations in the Areas of Legal Metrology and Fuel Quality (2025 Ed.)

January 10, 2025

Author(s)

John McGuire, David Sefcik, Loren Minnich, Isabel Baucom, Katrice Lippa

This 2025 edition includes amendments made through the Committee on Laws and Regulations of the NCWM with technical guidance from the Office of Weights and Measures (OWM) of the NIST and input from weights and measures officials and industry

NIST Handbook 133: Checking the Net Contents of Packaged Goods (2025 Ed.)

January 10, 2025

Author(s)

John McGuire, David Sefcik, Loren Minnich, Isabel Baucom, Katrice Lippa

This handbook has been prepared as a procedural guide for the compliance testing of net content statements on packaged goods. Compliance testing of packaged goods is the determination of the conformance results of packaging, distribution, and sale of

NIST Handbook 44: Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices (2025 Ed.)

January 10, 2025

Author(s)

Juana Williams, Loren Minnich, Gloria Lee, Jan Konijnenburg, Isabel Baucom, Katrice Lippa

NIST Handbook 44 includes specifications, tolerances, and other technical requirements for weighing and measuring devices. These requirements are intended to encourage the design, installation, testing, and use of weighing and measuring devices that

Well characterized polyethyleneimine/carboxylated polyethylene glycol functionalized gold nanoparticles as prospective nanoscale control materials for in vitro cell viability assays: particle characterization and toxicity test in eight mammalian cell line

January 7, 2025

Author(s)

Vytas Reipa, Vincent Hackley, Alessandro Tona, Min Beom Heo, Ye Ryeong Lee, Tae Geol Lee, Aaron Johnston-Peck, Tae Joon Cho

Safety screening of manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs) is essential for their adoption by consumers and the marketplace. Lately, animal-based testing is replaced by mechanistically informative in vitro assays due to requirements of regulatory agencies. Cell

Methods to evaluate 3D lidars used for automated driving

January 1, 2025

Author(s)

Prem Rachakonda, Abhilash Mane, Craig I. Schlenoff, Kamel S. Saidi

Evaluating perception sensor systems for on-road autonomous vehicles is still fraught with ambiguity due to the varying and dynamic environmental factors that these vehicles encounter. The critical safety of on-road AV operations is heavily dependent on

CCQM_Retrospectoscope Reference Manual: A detailed reference to the CCQM_Retrospectoscope, a suite of graphical tools for the meta-analysis of measurement results from CCQM studies

December 12, 2024

Author(s)

David L. Duewer, Christina Cecelski, Michael Nelson

This document is a detailed reference manual for the 1-September-2024 version of the CCQM_Retrospectoscope system. The CCQM_Retrospectoscope combines a nominally complete database of results from Consultative Committee for the Amount of Substance

Feasibility Study on Measurement System Interoperability of the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN)

December 11, 2024

Author(s)

Johannes Soons, Xiaoyu Zheng, Robert Thompson

This report describes a feasibility study on realizing interoperability of the National Integrated Ballistic Information Network (NIBIN) with third-party data acquisition systems, focusing on cartridge case data. NIBIN is the only national network in the

Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics: 2022

December 5, 2024

Author(s)

Erik Secula, James Liddle

Frontiers of Characterization and Metrology for Nanoelectronics: 2024

December 5, 2024

Author(s)

Erik Secula, James Liddle

Advanced communications
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Buildings and Construction
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Health
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Information technology
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Nanotechnology
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