NOTICE: Due to a lapse in annual appropriations, most of this website is not being updated. Learn more.

Form submissions will still be accepted but will not receive responses at this time. Sections of this site for programs using non-appropriated funds (such as NVLAP) or those that are excepted from the shutdown (such as CHIPS and NVD) will continue to be updated.

U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

Search Publications

NIST Authors in Bold

Displaying 1676 - 1700 of 2915

Far-Infrared Two-Phonon Absorption in GaP and GaAs

Author(s)
Simon G. Kaplan, H M. Lawler, Eric L. Shirley, S Bhat, M E. Thomas
We present detailed temperature dependent absorption spectra of GaP and GaAs at wavenumbers from 20 cm-1 to 350 cm-1 and temperatures between 10 K and 295 K. Comparison of the experimental data with the predictions of recent ab initio anharmonic lattice

Elucidating the challenges in extracting ultra-slow flame speeds in a closed vessel - A CH2F2 microgravity case study using optical and pressure-rise data

September 25, 2023
Author(s)
Raik Hesse, Chaimae Bariki, Michael Hegetschweiler, Gregory T. Linteris, Heinz Pitsch, Joachim Beeckmann
Refrigerants with a low global warming potential (GWP) possess mild flammability. Hence, a fundamental understanding of their combustion characteristics is required to assess their fire-hazardous potential. The laminar burning velocity is one fundamental

Experimentally Generated Random Numbers Certified by the Impossibility of Superluminal Signaling

April 11, 2018
Author(s)
Peter L. Bierhorst, Emanuel H. Knill, Scott C. Glancy, Yanbao Zhang, Alan Mink, Stephen P. Jordan, Andrea Rommal, Yi-Kai Liu, Bradley Christensen, Sae Woo Nam, Martin J. Stevens, Lynden K. Shalm
From dice to modern complex circuits, there have been many attempts to build increasingly better devices to generate random numbers. Today, randomness is fundamental to security and cryptographic systems, as well as safeguarding privacy. A key challenge

How to weigh everything from atoms to apples using the revised SI

March 3, 2014
Author(s)
Jon R. Pratt
The fact that the unit of mass might soon be derived from the Planck constant, rather than from an artifact standard, can seem daunting and downright baffling when viewed from the vantage point of our day to day perception of mass. After all, at

Chirality-controlled cloning of carbon nanotubes

November 13, 2012
Author(s)
Ming Zheng, Xiaomin X. Tu, Jia Liu, Chuan Wang, Chongwu Zhou
Carbon nanotubes possess superior electrical and optical properties and hold great promise for electronic and biomedical applications1-10. The electronic properties of carbon nanotubes strongly depend on their chirality, with 1/3 being metallic1, 2/3 being

Space-based photometric precision from ground-based telescopes

July 1, 2010
Author(s)
Peter C. Zimmer, John T. McGraw, Anthony B. Hull, Daniel C. Zirzow, Steven W. Brown, Claire E. Cramer, Gerald T. Fraser, Keith R. Lykke, Allan W. Smith, John T. Woodward IV, Christopher W. Stubbs, Mark R. Ackermann, Dean C. Hines
Ground-based telescopes supported by lidar and spectrophotometric auxiliary instrumentation can attain space-based precision for all-sky photometry, with uncertainties dominated by fundamental photon counting statistics. Earth‟s atmosphere is a wavelength-

Report on The Search Futures Workshop at ECIR 2024

August 7, 2024
Author(s)
Leif Azzopardi, Charles Clarke, Paul Kantor, Bhaskar Mitra, Johanne Trippas, Zhaochun Ren, Ian Soboroff
The First Search Futures Workshop, in conjunction with the Fourty-sixth European Conference on Information Retrieval (ECIR) 2024, looked into the future of search to ask questions such as: ˆ How can we harness the power of generative AI to enhance, improve

Generation of Neutron Airy Beams

July 28, 2024
Author(s)
Charles W. Clark, Dmitry Pushin, Michael G. Huber, Kirill Zhernenkov, Jonathan White, Lisa DeBeer-Schmitt, David Cory, Huseyin Ekinici, Melissa Henderson, Owen Lailey, Dusan Sarenac
The Airy wave packet is a solution to the potential-free Schr¨odinger equation that exhibits remark-able properties such as self-acceleration, non-diffraction, and self-healing. Although Airy beams are now routinely realized with electromagnetic waves and

Vision on metal additive manufacturing: Developments, challenges and future trends

September 14, 2023
Author(s)
Alain Bernard, Jean-Pierre Kruth, Jian Cao, Gisela Lanza, Stefania Bruschi, Marion Merklein, Tom Vaneker, Michael Schmidt, John Sutherland, Alkan Donmez, Eraldo da Silva
Additive Manufacturing (AM) is one of the disruptive technologies to fabricate components, parts, assemblies or tools in various fields of application due to its main characteristics such as direct digital manufacturing, ability to offer both internal and

Blockchain-Based Decentralized Authentication for Information-Centric 5G Networks

August 26, 2022
Author(s)
Muhammad Hassan Raza Khan, Davide Pesavento, Lotfi Benmohamed
The 5G research community is increasingly leveraging the innovative features offered by Information Centric Networking (ICN). However, ICN's fundamental features, such as in-network caching, make access control enforcement more challenging in an ICN-based

Revealing the Symmetry of Materials through Neutron Diffraction

June 12, 2022
Author(s)
William D. Ratcliff
Magnetic materials are used in many devices in everyday life. To control their properties, we must first understand how they are ordered. This can be accomplished through neutron diffraction measurements. However, in many cases, there are too many

Bipolar Waveform Synthesis with an Optically Driven Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer

April 19, 2022
Author(s)
Justus Brevik, Dahyeon Lee, Anna Fox, Yiwei Peng, Akim Babenko, Joe Campbell, Paul Dresselhaus, Franklyn Quinlan, Samuel P. Benz
An array of Josephson junctions (JJs) was driven with photonically generated current pulses to synthesize a high-fidelity 1 kHz bipolar voltage waveform with a quantum-based amplitude that can be directly related to fundamental constants. A photodiode

Quantum Blackbody Thermometry

April 22, 2021
Author(s)
Eric B. Norrgard, Stephen Eckel, Christopher L. Holloway, Eric L. Shirley
Blackbody radiation (BBR) sources are calculable radiation sources that are frequently used in radiometry, temperature dissemination, and remote sensing. Despite their ubiquity, blackbody sources, have a plethora of systematics (e.g., emissivity

Compositional Models for Complex Systems

January 19, 2019
Author(s)
Spencer J. Breiner, Ram D. Sriram, Eswaran Subrahmanian
In this chapter we argue for the use of representations from category theory to support better models for complex systems, and provide an example of such an application might look like. Our approach rests on the well known observation that complex system

Quantum-based vacuum metrology at NIST

June 20, 2018
Author(s)
Julia K. Scherschligt, James A. Fedchak, Zeeshan Ahmed, Daniel S. Barker, Kevin O. Douglass, Stephen P. Eckel, Edward T. Hanson, Jay H. Hendricks, Thomas P. Purdy, Jacob E. Ricker, Robinjeet Singh
The measurement science in realizing and disseminating the SI unit for pressure, the pascal (Pa), has been the subject of much interest at NIST. Modern optical-based techniques for pascal metrology have been investigated, including multi-photon ionization

Ultra-low-noise monolithic mode-locked solid-state laser

September 1, 2016
Author(s)
T D. Shoji, W Xie, Kevin L. Silverman, Ari Feldman, Todd E. Harvey, Richard Mirin, Thomas Schibli
Low-noise, high-repetition-rate mode-locked solid-state lasers are attractive for precision measurement and microwave generation, but the best lasers in terms of noise performance still consist of complex, bulky optical setups, which limits their range of

Design of a Table-Top Watt Balance

July 26, 2016
Author(s)
Stephan Schlamminger, Jon R. Pratt, David B. Newell, Frank C. Seifert, Michael Liu, Leon S. Chao, Luis Manuel Pea Prez, Shisong Li, Darine El Haddad
Measurements of the Planck constant with watt balances using 1 kg masses have achieved relative standard uncertainties below 2 x 10-8. Having established a metrological link between the kilogram and this fundamental constant of nature, a redefinition of

Bottom Up Approaches to Improved Polyolefin Measurements

February 4, 2016
Author(s)
Sara Orski, Thomas W. Rosch, Anthony Kotula, Richard J. Sheridan, Frederick R. Phelan Jr., Kalman Migler, Chad R. Snyder, Luis F. Vargas Lara, Jack F. Douglas, Kathryn L. Beers
As a class of materials, polyolefins remain the largest production volume polymer in the world, as well as a highly desirable medium from which to engineer high performance and advanced properties for new applications. After decades of research, there are

NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework: Volume 1, Big Data Definitions

October 22, 2015
Author(s)
Wo L. Chang, Nancy Grady, NBD-PWG NIST Big Data Public Working Group
Big Data is a term used to describe the large amount of data in the networked, digitized, sensor- laden, information-driven world. While opportunities exist with Big Data, the data can overwhelm traditional technical approaches and the growth of data is

NIST Big Data Interoperability Framework: Volume 7, Big Data Standards Roadmap

October 22, 2015
Author(s)
Wo L. Chang, David Boyd, Carl Buffington , NBD-PWG NIST Big Data Public Working Group
Big Data is a term used to describe the large amount of data in the networked, digitized, sensor-laden, information-driven world. While opportunities exist with Big Data, the data can overwhelm traditional technical approaches and the growth of data is

Optical Atomic Clocks

December 1, 2013
Author(s)
Christopher W. Oates, N Poli, P. Gill, G.M. Tino
In the last ten years extraordinary results in time and frequency metrology have been demonstrated. Frequency stabilization techniques for continuous wave lasers and femto-second optical frequency combs have enabled a rapid development of frequency
Displaying 1676 - 1700 of 2915
Was this page helpful?