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Displaying 28926 - 28950 of 74303

Connecting the Discrete and Continuous-Time Quantum Walks

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Frederick Strauch
Recently, quantized versions of random walks have been explored as effective elements for quantum algorithms. In the simplest case of one dimension, the theory has remained divided into the discrete-time quantum walk and the continuous-time quantum walk

Constants, Fundamental

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Barry N. Taylor, Peter J. Mohr
This article touches upon three main topics: (1) the motivation for the romance of the next decimal place, or why the fundamental physical constants are important and why their determination with ever smaller uncertainties can have a profound effect on

Control of Overfill Bumps in Damascene Cu Electrodeposition

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Soo K. Kim, Daniel Wheeler, Daniel Josell, Thomas P. Moffat
Electroanalytical measurements and feature filling experiments have been conducted to study the effect of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) on Cu deposition as levelers in the presence of various combinations of

Coordinated Fracture and Failure Initiation in Microcomposites

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Gale A. Holmes, Jae H. Kim, Chang K. Moon, Walter G. McDonough
In this paper, the failure behavior of glass fiber microcomposites is investigated. E-glass fibers treated with an epoxy compatible sizing were embedded in a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) resin cured with meta-phenylenediamine (m-PDA). Even

Coordination and Local Transport Gap in C 60 Chains on a Pentacene Template

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Dan B. Dougherty, W Jin, J Cullen, Gregory Dutton, J Reutt-Robey, Steven W. Robey
The adsorption of C60 on a bilayer film of pentacene on Ag(111) is studied with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. At low coverage, C60 molecules form extended linear structures due to the templating effect of the pentacene bilayer. The

Coordination Studies of Al-EDTA in Aqueous Solution

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Orkid Coskuner, Emily A. Jarvis
The degree of aluminum toxicity is based on its complexation with organic ligands. One of these complexes is the AlEDTA- (Al=aluminum, EDTA=ethylenediaminetetraacetate), of which the structure in aqueous solution has been debated based on x-ray absorption

Correcting Low Frequency Noise With Continuous Measurement

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Lin Tian
Low frequency noise presents a serious source of decoherence in solid- state qubits. When combined with a continuous weak measurement of the eigenstates of a qubit, the low frequency noise induces a second order relaxation between the qubit states. Here we

Coupled Macroscopic Quantum Resonators: Entanglement and Squeezed State

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Lin Tian, Raymond Simmonds
Linear coupling between solid-state quantum resonators generates entanglement and squeezing effectively. We study the coupled system of a nanomechanical resonator and a superconducting electrical resonator as well as two electrical resonators coupled

Covalent Surface Chemistry Gradients for Presenting Bioactive Peptides

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Matt J. Kipper, Hynda K. Kleinman, Francis W. Wang
The activation of surfaces by covalent attachment of bioactive moieties is an important strategy for improving the performance of biomedical materials. Such techniques have also been used as tools to study cellular responses to particular chemistries of

Craze Growth in Stress Relaxation Conditions: Effects of Physical Aging

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
M Delin, G B. McKenna
Growth of crazes during stress relaxation has been examined under physical aging conditions at four temperatures, from ambient to 60 degrees} C, for a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. It was found that the craze length varies linearly in the logarithm of

Creep of Thin Film Au on Bimaterial Au/Si Microcantilevers

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Dudley Finch
We examine creep in thin film Au to bimaterial Au/Si microcantilevers. Due to thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between the Au and Si layers, the microcantilevers show considerable out-of-pane curvatoure when subjected to a change over time. Curvature

Critical Region

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Jan V. Sengers, M A. Anisimov
The chapter reviews the current state of the art of describing the thermodynamic behavior of fluids and fluid mixtures. It elucidates the difference between Ising-like asymptotic critical thermodynamic behavior and mean-field critical thermodynamic

Crycoolers and High-T c Devices

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Ray Radebaugh
This chapter reviews various methods and their operating principles for producing cryogenic temperatures. The use of liquid cryogens for laboratory studies of superconducting electronic devices is a common practice. That technique is mentioned briefly but

Cryogenics

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Ray Radebaugh
This article is for publication in the Encyclopedia of Chemistry. The article gives a definition of cryogenics and describes the origin of the term and how it has been defined. Temperature scales and thermometry are discussed in relation to the absolute

Crystal Asymmetry Induces Single-Atom Chain Formation in Gold Nanowires

October 16, 2008
Author(s)
Francesca Tavazza, A Hasmy, Lyle E. Levine, Anne M. Chaka, Luis C. Rincon, M Marquez, Carlos A. Gonzalez
We performed density functional theory and tight-binding molecular dynamics calculations to investigate the formation of suspended linear atom chains when stretching gold nanowires along the [110] crystal orientation. We determined that the chain formation
Displaying 28926 - 28950 of 74303