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The chapter reviews the current state of the art of describing the thermodynamic behavior of fluids and fluid mixtures. It elucidates the difference between Ising-like asymptotic critical thermodynamic behavior and mean-field critical thermodynamic behavior as well as the crossover behavior between these two regimes. It discusses the principle of universality of critical behavior and shows how the description can be extended to fluid mixtures on the basis of an isomorphism principle. A number of representative applications are presented.